מהי אפיסתזה ? Epistasis come from the Greek –Epistasis come from the Greek – –“epi” means “upon” (מעל) –“histani” means “to place” (לעמוד) So it means.

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Presentation transcript:

מהי אפיסתזה ? Epistasis come from the Greek –Epistasis come from the Greek – –“epi” means “upon” (מעל) –“histani” means “to place” (לעמוד) So it means to place upon or to stand upon.So it means to place upon or to stand upon.

הגדרה אינטראקיוציות לא רציפרוקליות בין שתי צורות לא חלופיות של גנים, כאשר גן אחד מדכא את הביטוי של גן שני המשפיע על אותו חלק באורגניזם" “A nonreciprocal interaction between two non-alternative forms of genes in which one gene suppresses the expression of another affecting the same part of the organism” (American Heritage Dictionary)

כיצד אפיסטזה שונה מיחסי דומיננטיות-רצסיביות ? דומיננטיות הינה מצב בו אלל אחד מדכא ביטוי של אלל שני באותו לוקוס. זוג כרומוזומים “A” Locus Aa “A” and “a” are alleles to each other. That means they are alternate forms of the gene at the “A” locus. If “A” suppresses the expression of “a” then “A” is dominant to “a.”

באפיסתזה מעורבים שני זוגות של גנים אפיסתזה הינה מצב בו אלל בלוקוס אחד ממסך או משנה את הביטוי של אלל בלוקוס שונה. זוג כרומוזומים “A” Locus A “B” Locus B a B If the “A” allele at the A locus alters or masks the expression of the “B” allele at the B locus, then A is epistatic to B. (The B locus could be on the same chromosome as the A locus, or it could be on a different chromosome.)

Labrador Retrievers In Labs, the black coat color (B) is dominant to the chocolate (b). Crosses would be expected to follow a simple monohybrid cross... Black –BB –Bb Brown –bb

The Yellow Lab ישנו אלל שלישי לצבע הפרווה בכלבי לברדור, זהוב. There’s another set of alleles that work with the B/b allele pair. The E/e allele actually controls the expression of the B/b allele.. Yellow –??

אפיסתזה בכלבי לברדור - -האלל הדומיננטי (E) מאפשר לאלל B/b לתפקד באופן נורמלי. - -האלל הרצסיווי (e) אינו מאפשר היווצרות פיגמנטים בפרווה. ee כאשר צרוף האללים בגן E הוא ee : צבע הפרווה הינו זהוב – בלי תלות בהרכב האללים בגן B. לכן, צבע הפרווה של כלבי לברדור E/e. נקבע קודם כל ע"י הגנטוטיפ E/e.

Dihybrid Cross מהם היחסים המספריים הצפויים בין הפנוטיפים השונים, בהכלאה בין שני כלבים הטרוזיגוטיים בשני הגנים ? BbEe x BbEeHere’s a dihybrid cross between two black labs: BbEe x BbEe Remember, any dog with an ee genotype will have the yellow phenotype… What are the phenotypes of the dogs in the Punnett Square? 4 זהובים : 3 חומים : 9 שחורים

Dyhybrid Ratios Black dogs: BB or Bb and at least one E Chocolate dogs: bb and at least one E Yellow labs will have genotypes with ee שימו לב - יחסים מספריים של 9:3:4 יתקבלו מכל הכלאה שממנה צפויים להתקבל בין הצאצאים יחסים של. - אין אפשרות להבחין בין הפנוטיפ של הומוזיגוט לאלל רצסיבי בגן אחד לבין הפנוטיפ של ההומוזיגוט הרצסיבי בשני הגנים.

Labrador Retrievers So there are three coat colors… Not really. There’s actually another form of the yellow. Note the nose color…. Remember sometimes a phenotype is caused by the interaction of several genes. Graphics downloaded 2/20/02 from