Kingdom: Protista Protists are unicellular organisms that have a nucleus.

Similar to Bacteria Unicellular One of the first groups of living things on Earth. (1.5 billion years ago.) Microscopic Can cause disease. Can be parasites

Difference from Bacteria Has a nucleus. Live in watery environment. Generally live as individual cells. Protists vary greatly in appearance and function.

3 Categories I. Animal-like Protists. II. Plant-like Protists. III. Fungus-like Protists.

I. Animal-like Protists Protozoa means “First Animal”. Cells contain a nucleus. Cells lack a cell wall. They are heterotrophs. Most can move on their own.

4 Groups of Animal-like Protists 1. Sarcodines (SAHR-koh-dighnz) 2. Ciliates (SIHL-ee-ihts) 3. Zooflagellates (zoh-oh-FLAJ- ehl-ihts) 4. Sporozoans (spohr-oh-ZOH-uhnz)

1. Sarcodines Have pseudopods (Greek:“false foot”) Extensions of the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Pseudopods are used for movement and to capture food. Many have shells. These shells form limestone, marble and chalk.

Type: Most familiar Sarcodine. Pseudopods: Blob shaped. Contractile Vacuoles:controls amount of water inside Food Vacuole: where food is digested. (Amoeba)

Split Personality Amebas reproduce by dividing into two new cells (binary fission). Amebas can respond to their environment. They are sensitive to light and some chemicals.

2. Ciliates Have Cilia on the outside of their cells. Tiny hair-like projections used for movement, to gather food and as feelers.

Type: Pellicle: tough outer wall. Slipper shaped Oral groove: like the mouth Gullet: holds food. Food Vacuole: digests food. Anal Pore: removes wastes.

3. Zooflagellates Have a Flagellum: a long whip-like structure used for movement. Many live in animals (symbiotic & parasitic)

4. Sporozoans All Sporozans are parasites. They feed on cells and body fluids. Form from Spores (tiny reproductive cells). Pass from one host to another. Pass from ticks, mosquitoes or other animals to humans.

II. Plant-like Protists Unicellular Can move Autotrophs: make their own food from simple materials using light energy. 70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists. Most are Flagellates (Phytoflagellates)

3 Groups of Plant like Protists 1. Euglenas (yoo-GLEE-nahz) 2. Diatoms (DIGH-ah-tahmz) 3. Dinoflagellates (digh-noh-FLAJ-eh- layts)

1. Euglenas Many shapes Have two flagella Eyespot: sensitive to light. Chloroplasts (autotrophs) Pellicle

2. Diatoms 10,000 living species. Aquatic Glassy shell Diatomaceous earth: course powder that comes from dead diatoms (toothpaste, car polish & reflective paint.

3. Dinoflagellates Cell walls are like plates of armor. Two flagella Spins when it moves. Colorful. Can glow in the dark. Causes Red Tide

III. Fungus-like Protists Heterotrophs Most have cell walls. Many have flagella. One type: Slime Molds

Type: Reproduce by Fruiting Bodies: The Fruiting Bodies contain Spores. At first they look like ameba, then later they look like mold.

Created by Mrs. Scibelli  Exploring Life Science: Prentice Hall, 1995  Encarta