Equipment Design Designed by Eman A. Khajah

Outline Design of Heater. Design of Stripper.

Heater Design Construction of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger.

Objective To heat up the streams before entering the reactors. To heat up the propane stream before recycle it back to the feed.

Assumptions Counter current flow heat exchanger to provide more effective heat transfer. Assume the value of the overall heat transfer coefficient. Assume the outer, the inner diameter and the length of the tube on both the Shell and tube sides.

Design Procedure Calculate the duty or heat load. Where, m: mass flow rate, kg/hr C p : specific heat, kJ/kg°C ∆T: temperature difference, °C Collect physical properties.

Assume U : overall heat transfer coefficient, W/m 2o C. Calculate heat transfer area required. Where,  T m = F t  T lm. ∆T lm : log mean temperature difference. T 1 : inlet shell side fluid temperature. T 2 : outlet shell side temperature fluid temperature. t 1 : inlet tube side fluid temperature. t 2 : outlet tube side fluid temperature.

Choose tube size and material, then calculate number of tubes required. Calculate D s : shell diameter. Estimate tube side heat transfer coefficient h i, W/m 2° C. Choose L b : baffle spacing. Calculate area of cross flow. Estimate shell side heat transfer coefficient h o, W/m 2° C.

Calculate U overall heat transfer coefficient using: Where, U o : overall coefficient based on outside area of the tube (W/m 2o C). h o : outside fluid film coefficient (W/m 2o C). h i : inside fluid film coefficient (W/m 2o C ). h od : outside dirt coefficient (fouling factor) (W/m 2o C). h id : inside dirt coefficient (fouling factor) (W/m 2o C). k w : thermal conductivity of the wall material (W/m 2o C ). di : tube inside diameter. d o : tube outside diameter.

Estimate tube and shell side pressure drop. Calculate shell thickness. Where, P: design pressure, psia R: inside radius of shell, inch S: maximum allowable stress value, psia E: the joint efficiency C: corrosion allowance Select a material of construction and insulation. Calculate cost.

Results EquipmentHeater E-102 TypeShell and tube heat exchanger Material of constructionCarbon Steel Qtotal (kW) U(W/m² °C)30 Inlet temperture, Shell side °C327 Oultlet, Shell side °C550 Inlet temperature, Tube side °C600 Outlet temperature, Tube side °C100 Number of tubes5593 Shell diameter, m1.56 LMTD, °C155.6 Heat exchanger area, m² InsulationGlass wool Cost, $77,300 $

Stripper Design Construction of stripper.

Objective To separate CO 2 from water and get a stream of pure CO 2.

Assumptions Tray spacing= Efficiency= 75%. Percent of flooding at maximum flow rate=85%. Percent of downcomer area of total area=12%. Percent of hole area of active area=10%. Weir height=50 mm. Hole diameter=5 mm. Plate thickness=5 mm.

Design Procedure Collect, or estimate, the system physical properties. Calculate liquid vapor flow rate. Where: FLV= liquid vapor flow rate. L= liquid flow rate. V= vapor flow rate.

Calculate the flooding velocity Where: Uf= flooding velocity. K1= constant. Calculate the actual velocity. Where: Uv= actual velocity.

Calculate the maximum volumetric flow rate. Where: V max = maximum volumetric flow rate. Mwt V = vapor molecular weight. Calculate the net area required. Calculate the diameter.

Calculate the maximum volumetric flow rate. Calculate the column area. Calculate the net area. Calculate the active area. Calculate weir length.

Calculate the actual minimum vapor velocity. Calculate the thickness. Where: t= thickness. P= pressure. r= radius. S= working stress. E j = efficiency of joints. C C = allowance for corrosion. Calculate the cost.

Results EquipmentStripper T-102 TypeContinuous distillation column Material of constructionCarbon steel InsulationMineral wool Operating temperature, °C110 Operating pressure, atm3 Height of beds0.75 Diameter, m3.17 Thickness, m Number of beds10 Height, m13.2 Cost, $353,933