Ivan Turgenev 1818-1883 Иван Тургенев. Early Years Son of rich landowning family. Grew up on estate Spasskoe in Oryol province: the Russian heartland.

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Presentation transcript:

Ivan Turgenev Иван Тургенев

Early Years Son of rich landowning family. Grew up on estate Spasskoe in Oryol province: the Russian heartland. educated at home, learned French, German, passable English

Spasskoe…

…and its surroundings.

Student years Studied at Moscow University, then St Petersburg ( ). Went to Berlin in to study philosophy with Hegel. Berlin and the philosophical school very great influence on young Russians of his generation. Turgenev a Westernizer, not a Slavophile.

A Fateful Meeting appointment as civil servant in St Petersburg Pauline Viardot comes for the season to St Petersburg. Turgenev falls in love, becomes attached to the Viardots for the rest of his life. Hunts with Louis, collaborates on French translations of Russian literature.

First a poet… First tries his hand at a long poem in the style of Pushkin’s Eugene Onegin. Then turns to hunting sketches in prose, first published in The Contemporary (Современник)

The new Realism … First seen in Sportsman’s Sketches (Записки охотника) art turns its back on mythological themes, romantic scenes, important personages. Emphasis on detail – reflection of the invention of photography. Social conscience, depiction of scenes of country life: in France gives rise to the Barbizon school, J.-F. Millet.

Jean-Francois Millet The Gleaners / Les Glaneuses 1857

The novels by le géant russe… Turgenev later turns to novels, the best known is Fathers and Sons (1862). His theme is Moscow and the Russian countryside rather than St Petersburg. Moscow: the oldfashioned centre of Russian life St Petersburg: The fantastic creation of Peter with its extremes of pomp and poverty

The novels by le géant russe… Turgenev later turns to novels, the best known is Fathers and Sons (1862). Becomes a fixture in Paris, friend of Flaubert, Henry James, the Goncourts. Builds a villa next to the home of the Viardots at Bougival. Dies of cancer at Bougival in 1883.

Turgenev in 1872 (Vasily Perov)

From Romanticism… -symbolic representation -multiple meanings -focus on the formal aspects of the text (e.g., vocabulary, rhyme). -predominance of metaphors -fantastic occurrences -poetry as dominant genre -exotic themes

… to Realism -direct, unambiguous representation -focus on the events described -predominance of metonymy – i.e. detail that gives a description -believable occurrences -prose as dominant genre -themes of everyday reality

Alexei Savrasov Storm over the Kremlin

Vasily Polenov A Moscow Yard

“First Love” (1860) Psychological realism Frame tale: introduction First-person narrative as opposed to the omniscient third-person narrative Tale structured around the young man’s growing realization of the truth Careful, poetic structuring into short chapters with a final, telling sentence.