Lesson Aim To consider some examples of war To learn about the Just War Theory

Why do nations go to war?

Historical Reasons Protection of others Religious Reasons Self-Defence Resources Nationalism Political Ideology

READ Take a few minutes to read the handout “Brief Examples of War”

Some examples of wars.....

World War 2, What were the reasons for this war?

World War 2, What were the reasons for this war? Land Self Defence Political Ideology

Vietnam What were the reasons for this war?

Vietnam What were the reasons for this war? Political Ideology

Gulf War 1991 What were the reasons for this war?

Gulf War 1991 What were the reasons for this war? Land Resources

Iraq War, 2003 – What were the reasons for this war?

Iraq War, 2003 – What were the reasons for this war? Resources Protection of others (?)‏ Political Ideology

Afghanistan, What were the reasons for this war?

Afghanistan, What were the reasons for this war? Protection of others Political Ideology

Moral Implications of War Is it ever right to go to war? What do you think?

Moral Implications of War Is it ever right to go to war? What do you think? What might a utilitarian think??

Is it ever right to go to war? A possible utilitarian response.... Yes, sometimes it is right to go to war. Although war causes a lot of pain it often results in greater good in the long term. War is sometimes necessary to protect freedom for the majority. If the benefits outweighed the drawbacks, then war is morally justifiable.

Is it ever right to go to war? Are some reasons better than others for going to war? TASK: In groups: - Decide what reasons you think are acceptable for going to war

Is it ever right to go to war? How should an army behave when at war? TASK: In groups: - Should there be a code of conduct when at war? If so, what?

` Do you remember the Just War Theory?

'JUST'? Dictionary Definition: - “Righteous” “Guided by truth, reason, justice, and fairness”

St Thomas Aquinas, a 13 th century monk and philosopher, came up with the criteria for a Just War, to help Christians know whether war was the right action to take. He laid the foundations for what we now call the Just War Theory. His Aim: To help Christians know when it is right to go to war and how to conduct themselves during a war.

Today the Just War Theory provides people of all religions (and none!) moral guidance on when it is 'right' to go to war.

According to the Just War Theory... When is it right to go to war? There must be a good reason for the war

According to the Just War Theory... When is it right to go to war? There must be a good reason for the war It must be the last resort – only after all other methods have been tried

According to the Just War Theory... When is it right to go to war? There must be a good reason for the war It must be the last resort – only after all other methods have been tried The war should be fought to promote good over evil

According to the Just War Theory... When is it right to go to war? There must be a good reason for the war It must be the last resort – only after all other methods have been tried The war should be fought to promote good over evil In Latin this is ‘Jus ad Bellum’!

The Just War Theory also gives a set of 'rules' on how both sides should behave during a war.

What do you think these rules would be??

According to the Just War Theory... The Rules for War There should be proportionality in the war

According to the Just War Theory... The Rules for War There should be proportionality in the war Civilian casualties should be avoided

According to the Just War Theory... The Rules for War There should be proportionality in the war Civilian casualties should be avoided The war can only be started by the government

According to the Just War Theory... The Rules for War There should be proportionality in the war Civilian casualties should be avoided The war can only be started by the government In Latin this is ‘Jus in Bellum’!

Copy the Following... Jus ad Bellum: When it is acceptable to go to war Jus in Bellum: What it is acceptable to do in war That’s more like it

Copy the following table in your jotters For each condition create an appropriate illustration or symbol Must be good reason for war War must be the last resort War should be fought to promote good over evil There must be proportionality in the war Civilian casualties should be avoided The war can only be started by the government

Copy the following table in your jotters For each condition create an appropriate illustration or symbol Must be good reason for war War must be the last resort War should be fought to promote good over evil There must be proportionality in the war Civilian casualties should be avoided The war can only be started by the government

Task 1: Was the Second World War a just war? Working in pairs Read carefully the information about the Second World War and discuss which condition of the just war theory the information relates to. Do you think the conditions for a just war were met during WW2?

Task 2: In your jotters…… The Second World War was / was not a just war because…….. (list all the reasons that you discussed)‏

The Rules for a Just War You may find some lists with more conditions for a Just War. We will work with 6 conditions but the other lists are also legitimate conditions that you can use. Try to make an ACRONYM or some other learning technique (song, pictures etc.) to help you remember the list of 6 conditions.

Tasks Read p.89 Pink book. Questions 1-3