Blood Types. Blood Types… Blood from the donor to the recipient must be compatible. The problem occurs when the protein (antigen) outer layer of the RBC.

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Presentation transcript:

Blood Types

Blood Types… Blood from the donor to the recipient must be compatible. The problem occurs when the protein (antigen) outer layer of the RBC of a donor becomes coagulated or agglutinated (clumped) with the plasma proteins (agglutinins or antibodies) of the recipient.

Blood Types… There are four different types of blood  A, B, AB, O They are determined by the protein (antigen) found on the RBC Type A, has protein (antigen) A on the RBC Type B, has protein (antigen) B on the RBC Type AB, has both protein (antigen) A and B on the RBC Type O, has neither protein (antigen) on the RBC

Type A would have B agglutinins (antibody) in the plasma. Type B would have A agglutinins (antibody) in the plasma. Type AB would not have agglutinins (antibody) in the plasma. Type O would have A and B agglutinins (antibody) in the plasma.

Type O is the universal donor, since it does not have antigens (proteins) on the surface of the RBC’s Type AB is the universal recipient, since it does not have agglutinins (antibody) in its plasma.

Average Percents… Type O—46% Type A—40% Type B—10% Type AB—4%

Rh positive or negative First found in a monkey Based on whether it has a antigen (protein) D Rh+ has the protein, Rh- does not have the protein.

Pregnancy and blood type Father--Rh+ blood Mother is Rh– Child could be Rh +. 1 st pregnancy--if the baby is rh +, then there are no complications. However, the mother will start to develop antibodies against the Rh factor

Pregnancy Second pregnancy, if the child is +, the mother’s antibodies can cross the placenta and start to attack the fetus’ blood cells, causing hemolysis. Hemolysis--breakdown of RBC and the release of hemoglobin into the plasma which can damage organs. This is called erythroblastosis fetalis,can cause severe anemia, jaundice possibly death.