Large Area Fast Silicon Tracking Systems for MPD and CBM setups of NICA and FAIR megaprojects Yu.A.Murin LHEP JINR 1 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

High and intermediate energy HI physics targets JINR NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013 Confined matter Spinodial decay ? Deconfined matter Chiral symmetry restoration Magnetic fields up to G Strange matter continent a new era for hypernuclear physics Deconfined matter 2

 “Heating” (E>100A GeV) : through high energy density - STAR, PHENIX since at RHIC, BNL; ALICE, CMS, ATLAS at LHC,CERN – no definite answer, large background Three ways to create QGP in HI collissions  “Pressing” (E≈30÷50AGeV) : through high baryonic density– STAR low energy scan, CBM and NICA projects to follow as NICA and FAIR start operating in rare probes are believed to be very sensitive close to the triple point  “Smart” (E≈3÷5AGeV) : through self-amplified long-range correlations within spinodial phase decomposition (J.Randrup, LBL) – to be proved with HI beams of Nuclotron-M as soon as high intensity HI beam appears at LHEP - direct production of subthreshold heavy hyperons ?!!! 3 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Two major objectives to study heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies Deconfinement through SD New Hypernuclear Physics SIS-300 and NICA task SIS-100 (FAIR) and Nuclotron-M (NICA) tasks Superdense nuclear matter 4 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

UNILAC SIS18 SIS100/300 p-Linac HESR CR & RESR NESR 100 m Primary Beams /s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238 U /s 238 U 73+ up to 35 GeV/u 3x10 13 /s 30 GeV protons Storage and Cooler Rings radioactive beams antiprotons GeV/c, stored and cooled Secondary Beams range of radioactive beams up to GeV/u; up to factor higher in intensity than presently antiprotons GeV Technical Challenges cooled beams rapid cycling superconducting magnets dynamical vacuum SIS100: Au 11 A GeV SIS300: Au 35 A GeV APPA The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research FAIR 5 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Collider SPD MPD Booster, Nuclotron The NICA-MPD challenge :  to prove QGP creation in high net baryon density region with ITS The challenge :  to prove QGP creation through self-amplified long-range spinodial correlations with STS 6 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

FFD MPD detector at NICA Magnet : 0.5 T T0, Trigger : FFD Centrality & Event plane : ZDC PID: TOF, TPC, ECAL Tracking (|  |<2): TPC 0.5<p<1 GeV/c Stage 1 (2017) TPC, Barrel TOF & ECAL, ZDC, FFD Stage 2: IT + Endcaps(tracker,TOF,ECAL) 7 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

8 Beam Energy Intensity per cycle p 4,5 GeV 2  d 2,2 GeV 5  C MeV 7  Mg MeV 5  Ar MeV 6  Ni MeV 8  Kr 34+ 0,3 -1 GeV 2  Xe 48/42+ 0,3 -1 GeV 1  Ta GeV 2  Au 65/79+ 3  U 28+/73+ 0,05-1 GeV 6  10 9 /2  Bea m Nuclotron beam intensity (particle per cycle) Current Ion source type New ion source + booster p 3  Duoplas motron 5  d 3  ,,  He 8  ,,  dd 2  10 8 SPI 1  Li 8  10 8 Laser 5  C 1  ,,  Mg 2  ,, N 1  10 7 ESIS (“Krion- 6T”) 5  Kr 1  ,,  Xe 1  ,,  Au- ---,,  10 9 HI beams of SIS18 (GSI) and Nuclotron (JINR) Energy & Intensities, pcs per cycle NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

The CBM experiment at FAIR Dipole Magnet Ring Imaging Cherenkov Detector Silicon Tracking System Micro Vertex Detector Transition Radiation Detectors Resistive Plate Chambers (TOF) Electro- magnetic Calorimeter Projectile Spectator Detector (Calorimeter) Target two configurations: - electron-hadron - and muon setup Muon Detection System NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Dipole magnet tracking chambers 6 m Concept for the experiment at Nuclotron -M (original idea and figure of P.Senger, GSI ) Silicon tracker Time-of-flight wall (RPC) Tracking chambers are needed to match tracks in Silicon detector to hits in TOF wall Silicon tracker in magnetic dipole field measures tracks (multiplicity) and curvature (particle momentum). TOF wall measures Time-of-flight for mass determination. 10 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

The experiment project measurements of the multistrange objects (Ξ, Ω, exotics) & hypernuclei in HI collisions close to the threshold production in the region of high sensitivity to the models prediction GIBS magnet (SP-41) TS-target station, T0- start diamond detector, STS - silicon tracker, ST- straw tracker, DC- drift chambers, RPC- resistive plate chambers, ZDC- zero degree calorimeter, DTE – detector of tr. energy. NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

STS design constraints Coverage: ―rapitidies from center-of mass to close to beam ― aperture 2.5° <  < 25° (less for BM_N) Momentum resolution ― δp/p  1% ― field integral 1 Tm, 8 tracking stations ― 25 µm single-hit spatial resolution ― material budget per station ~1% X 0 No event pile-up ― 10 MHz interaction rates ― self-triggering read-out ― signal shaping time < 20 ns Efficient hit & track reconstruction  close to 100% hit eff.  > 95% track eff. for momenta >1 GeV/c Minimum hit rates < 20 MHz/cm 2 ― maximum strip length compatible with hit occupancy and S/N performance ― largest read-out pitch compatible with the required spatial resolution Radiation hard sensors compatible with the CBM physics program ―1 × n eq /cm 2 (SIS100) ―1 × n eq /cm 2 (SIS300) Integration, operation, maintenance ―compatible with the confined space in the dipole magnet NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Aperture: 2.5° <  < 25° (some stations up to 38°). 8 tracking stations between 0.3 m and 1 m downstream the target. Built from double-sided silicon microstrip sensors in 3 sizes, arranged in modules on a small number of different detector ladders. Readout electronics outside of the physics aperture. STS concept NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Assessment of tracking stations – material budget station 4 sensor: 0.3% X 0 r/o cables: 2×0.11% X 0 electronics front view side view NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Assessment of tracking stations – sensor occupancy sensor occupancy := ratio “ nb. of hit strips : nb. of all strips“ in a sensor station 1 Y/cm NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Assessment of tracking stations – hit cluster size in station 4 mean: 2.7 distribution for full STS cluster of strips := number of adjacent strips in a sensor that fire simultaneously NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Track reconstruction performance studies momentum resolution  Ongoing layout improvements: aperture improvements to be done in some of the stations: better coverage around beam pipe optimize number and type of modules and their deployment in the stations primary secondary track reconstruction efficiency 25 AGeV Au+Au central NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Au+Au, 8 AGeV Physics performance studies – example hyperons Au+Au, 25 AGeV c  several cm, decays just before/ within STS 18 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Hyperon and hypernuclei with STS with CBM-like STS at Nuclotron existing SP-42 magnet  H 3  - total efficiency 8% 2 % central Au+Au collisions at 4 AGeV:  Silicon tracker: 8 stations microstrips (400 µm each)  Strips with 50 µm pitch and 7,5 o stereo angle  full event reconstruction 19 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

NICA MPD-ITS Th Computer model simulations by V.P.Kondratiev and N.Prokofiev, SPbSU MPD ITS status front view 20 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

The need for modern fast and high precision instrumentation based on microstrip sensors Supermodule („the ladder“)= Sensitive modules on light weighed CF support frames with FEE in cooled containers at the rare ends NICA MPD The Ladder NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

The CBM-MPD STS Consortium Since Nov 2008 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

CBM-MPD STS Consortium GSI, Darmstadt, Germany JINR, Dubna, Russia IHEP, Protvino, Russia MSU, Moscow, Russia KRI, St.Petersburg, Russia SPbSU, St.Petersburg SE SRTIIE, Kharkov, Ukraine NCPHEP, Minck,Belarus Rep. PI AS, Prague,Czech Rep 8 institutes 5 countries Components Sensors Modules assembly Ladder assembly Radiation tests In-beam tests CBM in Darmstadt MPD and in Dubna NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

The CBM-MPD STS Consortium: change in sensor production policy – mixed DSSD SSSD structure of STS (based on experience gotton!) DSSD: German Party responsibility – CiS, Erfurt (62х62) + Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), double metalization on P-side SSSD-sandwich: the Consortium responsibility Hamamatsu, Japan (42х62), On-SemiConductor, Czech Rep. (62х62) + auxiliary chipcable (SE RTIIE) +RIMST,RF Sensor development – involvement of Hamamatsu, an attempt to repeat at vendors in Russia, Belarussia, and Czech Republics Usage of SINP MSU Si lab expertize ( Merkin M.M. et al) 23 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Microstrip sensors double-sided, p-n-n structure width: 6.2 cm 1024 strips at 58  m pitch three types, strip lengths: 2, 4, 6 cm, 4 cm stereo angle front-back-sides 7.5° integrated AC-coupled read-out double metal interconnects on p-side, or replacement with an external micro cable operation voltage up to few hundred volts radiation hardness up to 1 × n eq /cm 2 4” and 6” wafers, 300 µm thick test and full-size sensors NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

PrototypeYearVendorProcessingSize [cm 2 ]Description CBM012007CiSdouble-sided 5.5  5.5 ±7.5 deg CBM032010CiSdouble-sided 6.2  6.2 ±7.5 deg CBM03’2011CiSSingle/CBM  6.2 test for CBM05 CBM052013CiSdouble-sided 6.2  /0 deg full-size CBM05H42013Hamamatsu for GSI double-sided 6.2  /0 deg full-size CBM05H22013Hamamatsu for JINR single-sided 6.2  /0 deg full-size Prototype microstrip sensors external on-sensor cable CBM05 CBM05H4CBM05H2 under study: replacement for integrated 2 nd metal layer NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

UMC 180 nm CMOS die size 6.5 mm × 10 mm design AGH Kraków produced 2012 full-size prototype dedicated to signal detection from the double- sided microstrip sensors in the CBM environment Channels, pitch test Channel pitch58 Input signal polarity+ and - Input current10 nA Noise at 30 pF load900 e - ADC range16 fC, 5 bit Clock250 MHz Power dissipation< 10 mW/channel Timestamp resolution< 10 ns output interface4 × 500 Mbit/s LVDS new w.r.t. n-XYTER architecture: effective two-level discriminator scheme fast  low noise  low power dissipation Readout chip STS-XYTER NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

STS module sensor read-out cables front-end electronics board 6 cm 10 – 50 cm 2, 4, 6, (12) cm module is building block of ladders smallest assembled functional unit 28 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Mechanics Produced in SPb with a dozen CF space frames CERN Punch and Mold for production of true CBM supporting frames 29 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Demonstrators and prototypes 30 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

Prototype Device for ladder assembling manufactured at PLANAR, Minsk, Rep. of Belarus, NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July, 2013

designfabricationmontagecomissioning CF&S Accelerator complex 51 months SC factory Collider Injector + channels Booster + channels Cryogenics Critical point Tunnel + channels Funding in accordance with the project plan is mandatory Nearest milestones: - Completion of the ion sources commissioning (2013) - Assembly and commissioning of HILac (mid of 2014) - Serial production of the Booster magnets (beginning of 2014) Start of the Booster commissioning for the experiment – end of 2015 NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

NICA STS project schedule NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

Equipment of JINR test bench with n- XYTER readout Mechanics preparation Slow Control for Protvino in-beam Logic Init for recording the external DAQ information into the ROC Status: Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron Preparations for the in-beam tests at Nuclotron NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

 Through years the CBM-MPD STS Consortium demonstrated self-sustained growth of R& D activity which could be successfully accomplished within 1,5 -2 years The Conclusions  In 2013 common GSI-JINR project started with resources 3 M EUR) released to develop corresponding infrastructure for massive production of modules and, especially, supermodules at LHEP JINR by mid-2015 for the and CBM STS projects, firstly, and NICA-MPD ITS, afterwards  Young generation recruitment and training is the basic problem for the project. Measures are to be discussed for more involvement of young researchers with their local supervisers from Czech Universities to the STS project. Thank you for your attention! NICA-Praha-2013, 7-13 July,

NICA project timetable 24

The German forced change in tentative WP of the Consortium : TDR Jun 2013 – Comissioning Oct 2017   Yu.A.Murin, Kuokola, 25 June, 2013