Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 17. Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 18: Classification
Advertisements

CLASSIFICATION ADDING ORDER.
Classification/Taxonomy
Chapter 18.  The science of naming and classifying living things.
Classification 8a Define taxonomy and recognize the importance of a standardized taxonomic system 8b Categorize organisms using a hierarchical classification.
History of Classification
Georgia Performance Standards:
Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 18. Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms.
1 Chapter 18: Classification. 2 18–1 Finding Order in Diversity  Life on Earth has been changing for more than 3.5 billion years  1.5 million species.
Chapter 18 Classification
Classification/Taxonomy
Taxonomy  Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted (scientific name)
Ch 18- Classification Why do biologists organize living organisms into groups that have biological meaning? Study the diversity of life Use classification.
Chapter 18.  Why Classify? ◦ Scientists classify organisms into groups in a logical manner to make it easier to study the diversity of life. ◦ Taxonomy:
ANIMALIA. kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls.
CLASSIFICATION REVIEW
CLASSIFICATION REVIEW
Classification of Living Things
Chapter 18: Classification. You are required to put on clothes each day before coming to school. How do you go about this in the most efficient manner.
Learning Target #3 Who is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”?
18-1 Finding Order in Diversity
Why Classify? What’s in a name?  In order to name and group organisms in a logical manner we must arrange them according to similarities and differences.
Taxonomy – how organisms are grouped
Chapter 18 – Classification
Ch. 18, Classification. Finding Order In Diversity Biologists have identified 1.5 million species, and they estimate million species have yet to.
Chapter 18 Classification.
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.
Classification Review
Classification.
Introduction to Taxonomy. Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms and group them in a logical.
CLASSIFICATION NOTES.
Classification Evolution Unit.
Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 17. Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms.
Classification/Taxonomy. Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms, group them.
Classification Chapter 1.4. Vocabulary 1. taxonomy 2. binomial nomenclature 3. classification 4. domain 5.Eubacteria 6. Archaebacteria 7. Eukarya 8. Protista.
1 Chapter 18: Classification. 2 18–1 Finding Order in Diversity  Life on Earth has been changing for more than 3.5 billion years  1.5 million species.
Classification/Taxonomy
Classification/Taxonomy
Classification and Kingdoms. Phylogeny Is the study of the evolutionary history of a species... how it developed over time.
Chap 18- Classification Natural selection and other processes have led to a staggering diversity of organisms Biologists have identified and named about.
Introduction to Taxonomy
Taxonomy.
Notes on Classification/Taxonomy. Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms & group them.
Chapter 18 Classification. Section 18-1 Why Classify? Because of the diversity and number of organisms on planet Earth. Each organism need a name, and.
CLASSIFICATION What is does the word classify mean? Classify -to group things according to similar/different features (structures) that they share Biologist.
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms.
Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 18. Why Classify? Why Classify?
Classification Finding Order in Diversity Life on Earth Life on Earth Changing for >3.5 billion years 1.5 million species named million species.
Chapter 18 Classification Finding Order in Diversity  What is the name of this animal?  Cougar, puma, panther, mountain lion.  Is it a good thing.
Taxonomy The science of naming organisms.. Aristotle Plant or animal? If an animal, does it –Fly –Swim –Crawl Simple classifications Used common names.
Unit 11: Classification Ch. 3 Classification Taxonomy = branch of biology that deals w/ naming & classifying organisms. 200.
Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 18. Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms.
Classification.
Classification of Living Things
Chapter 12: Classification
Classification Reading Strategy
Taxonomy & Binomial Nomenclature
TAXONOMY AND CLASSIFICATION
Section Outline 18–1 Finding Order in Diversity A. Why Classify?
Welcome Back! Warm Up Please make sure page 52 is filled out.
Page 12 Brainpop: Classification
Chapter 18: Classification
Classification of Living Things
Taxonomy – how organisms are grouped
Classification/Taxonomy
Classification of Living Things
Classification Review Flashcards
What is the difference between a mountain lion cougar and puma?
Classification/Taxonomy
Presentation transcript:

Classification/Taxonomy Chapter 17

Why Classify? Why Classify? To study the diversity of life, biologists use a classification system to name organisms & group them in a logical manner.

Taxonomy Defined: Discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name. In other words, naming things.

Why common names don’t work Common names vary among languages. Example: United Kingdom – Buzzard refers to a hawk United States – Buzzard refers to a vulture Red-tailed HawkHoney BuzzardTurkey Vulture

Another Example: Dolphin Dolphin Tursipos truncatus Mahi mahi

Carolus Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) (1707 – 1778) Created the system of naming we use today. Created the system of naming we use today. In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or taxon. In taxonomy, a group or level of organization is called a taxonomic category or taxon.

Binomial Nomenclature “Bi” means 2 “Bi” means 2 “nomial” means naming “nomial” means naming Nomenclature means “the system of” Nomenclature means “the system of” Defined: In binomial nomenclature, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. (Genus & species)

Example of Binomial Nomenclature Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus Polar Bear is Ursus maritimus Ursus: genus Ursus: genus Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears Ursus contains 5 other kinds of bears maritimus: species maritimus: species The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea. The Latin word, maritimus, refers to the sea. Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea. Polar bears often live on pack ice that floats in the sea.

Definitions to know Genus : is a group of closely related species Genus : is a group of closely related species Species : Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring Species : Group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring

Family: Group of genera that share many Family: Group of genera that share many characteristics characteristics Order: Group of similar families Order: Group of similar families Class: Group of similar orders Class: Group of similar orders Phylum: Group of closely related classes Phylum: Group of closely related classes Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group, Kingdom: Largest taxonomic group, consisting of closely related consisting of closely related phyla. phyla.

Here We Go… Polar Bear Species: maritimus Genus: Ursus Family: Ursidae Order: Carnivora Class: Mammalia Phylum: Chordata Kingdom: Animilia What do these mean?...lets see

What they mean Species: maritimus (lives in marine environment) Genus: Ursus (kind of bear) Family: Ursidae (larger category of bears) Order: Carnivora (meat-eating animals) Class: Mammalia (warm-blooded, hair, & milk) Phylum: Chordata (vertebrates) Kingdom: Animilia (there are 6 kingdoms)

How to remember: Da King Phillip Came Over For Green Salad Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Carnivora Family Ursidae Genus Ursus Species maritimus

Taxonomy Video

The Three-Domain System There are 3 Domains: There are 3 Domains: Domain Bacteria Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya There are 6 Kingdoms: There are 6 Kingdoms: 1. Eubacteria 2. Archaebacteria 3. Protista 4. Fungi 5. Plantae 6. Animalia

The Three-Domain System There are 3 Domains: There are 3 Domains: Domain Bacteria Domain Bacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Kingdom Eubacteria Unicellular/Prokaryotes Unicellular/Prokaryotes Cell walls have Peptidoglycan Cell walls have Peptidoglycan Domain Archaea Domain Archaea Kingdom Archaebacteria Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular/Prokaryotes Unicellular/Prokaryotes Cell walls withOUT Peptidoglycan Cell walls withOUT Peptidoglycan Domain Eukarya Domain Eukarya Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

Kingdom Archaebacteria - Unicellular Prokaryote - Cell walls withOUT Peptidoglycan - Extremophiles – Love extreme environments like volcanoes, hydrothermal vents, and hot springs like volcanoes, hydrothermal vents, and hot springs Archaea Hydrothermal Vent Hot Spring Volcaone

Kingdom Eubacteria - Unicellular Prokaryote - Cell walls with Peptidoglycan - All other bacteria you encounter everyday E. coli Staphlycoccus Streptococcus

Kingdom Protista - Unicellular or Multicellular - Live in colonies Amoeba Euglena Paramecium Video Clip: Amoeba

Kingdom Fungi - Unicellular or Multicellular - Cell walls made of Chitin - Heterotrophs….they eat! Yeast Mushrooms

Kingdom Plantae - Multicellular - Cell walls made of Cellulose - Autotrophs….make their own food Trees & Grass Moss Venus Fly Trap

Kingdom Animalia - Multicellular - NO cell walls - Heterotrophs….they eat Worms Insects Jellyfish Giraffes

6 Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia E. ecoliParamecium Fern frod H. coccineaHomo sapiensPyrococcus furiosus Prokaryote Eukaryote Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph or heterotroph Autotroph/ heterotroph Heterotroph Autotroph Most common bacteria Cell wall w/ Peptidoglycan Live in very hot places Includes Algae Don’t belong in other euk Cell walls w/cellulose & Chloroplasts Release enzymes to digest food No cell wall No chloroplasts Multicellular “Ancient Bacteria”

Write Scientific Names Correctly Genus species Genus species Genus capitalized Genus capitalized Species lower case Species lower case Underline if hand written Underline if hand written Italics if typed Italics if typed Homo sapiens Genus species Canis lupis Hippocampus erectus

If these three species belong to the same genus, they are descended from a common ancestor. Scientific Name: Genus species Felis domestica leo margarita Sand cat` Lion Domestic Cat Felis domestica Felis leo Felis margarita

A Problem with Traditional Classification Example: The Crab, The barnacle, & The limpet The barnacle and the limpet have similarly shaped shells & look alike The barnacle and the limpet have similarly shaped shells & look alike The crab has a very different body form The crab has a very different body form Based on anatomy, the barnacle & limpet could be classified together and the crab in a different group. Based on anatomy, the barnacle & limpet could be classified together and the crab in a different group.

Related This incorrect because crabs and barnacles are actually related

Crustaceans Even though they do not look a like, crabs & barnacles are actually related Gastropods Molted Exoskeleton Segmentation Free swimming Larva Draw this!

Classification Using Cladograms Cladogram : A diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships among a group of organisms.

Crustaceans Using Cladograms, you can see that crabs and barnacles share similar characteristics because they both molt & are segmented Gastropods Molted Exoskeleton Segmentation Free swimming Larva

Crustaceans You can also see that ALL have a free swimming larva stage Gastropods Molted Exoskeleton Segmentation Free swimming Larva

Where do viruses go? Viruses: Are particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can reproduce ONLY by infecting living cells. Viruses are made of a core of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat. These are T4 Bacteriophage A bacteriophage is a virus which infects bacteria

Where do viruses go? (continued) Viruses are not considered alive because they don’t have ALL the characteristics of life. Example: They can’t reproduce independently These are the Influenza Viruses Influenza or "flu" is an infection of the respiratory tract that can affect millions of people every year.

The End.