Application of some biopreparations against fungi of the genus Fusarium producing mycotoxins in the system of spring barley growing Dr. Josef Hýsek, Dr. Milan Vach Research Institute of Crop Production Prague –Ruzyně Czech Republic

FOOD MYCOTOXIN RISK FOOD CHAIN ELEMENT TOXIC PRODUCTS OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM PRODUCE MYCOTOXINS MYCOTOXINS – IN CEREALS TRICHOTHECENE MYCOTOXINS (DON, NIV, T-2 TOXIN, HT-2 TOXIN, FUS-X- TOXIN), AFLATOXINS, ZEARALENONE CANCEROGENIC TOXICITY

FOOD SECURITY FOOD WITHOUT MYCOTOXINS Hygienical limits (the dose per 1 kg of flour) – different in different world countries but same in EU Presence of mycotoxins in the cereal grain (barley – beer, wheat – bread, sorghum – bread etc.)

The methods of mycotoxin control Toxigenic fungi – the cultivation in different conditions (humidity, temperature) – mycelium + conidia (macro-, microconidia of the genus Fusarium) Isolation of mycotoxins from different plant tissues (seed, leaves, roots etc.)- Analysis of chromatography

Mycotoxin as biological negative agents Experiments with feeding of laboratory animals and the analysis of toxin content in different body organs (liver, kidney etc.) Cell cultures from different body organs (animals, men) and their growing with exact level of mycotoxins

Different ways of soil cultivation Conventional with ploughing Minimum tillage with straw incorporation No tillage The number of the genus Fusarium and its species in the soil and in the plants

The role of different conditions on mycotoxin levels The year – different meteorological conditions The pre-crop (maize – most risk, cereals, sugar-beet) Fungicides (after azoxystrobin – higher level of some mycotoxins – theory of fungal stress)

The content of mycotoxin DON in spring barley (seed, malt)- pre-crop maize, 2001

The content of mycotoxin DON in spring barley (seed,malt) – pre- crop maize

The infestation of spring barley by different species of the genus Fusarium

The content of mycotoxins DON, NIV, T-2, HT-2 in spring barley after pre-crop of sugar beet

The content of mycotoxins DON,NIV, T-2, HT-2 in spring barley after pre-crop of cereals

The concentration of mycotoxins of DON,NIV, T-2 and HT-2 in spring barley - pre-crop maize

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre- crop maize

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre- crop of sugar-beet

The level of DON after the treatment with fungicides – pre- crop cereals

Biopreparations used for the depression of Fusarium sp. Supresivit (based on Trichoderma harzianum) Polyversum (based on Pythium oligandrum) Ibefungin (based on Bacillus subtilis)

The activity of biopreparations Depression of pathogenic or semipathogenic fungi on cereals (Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Gaeumannomyces graminis, Typhula incarnata, Septoria spp., Helminthosporium spp. (syn. Bipolaris, Drechslera)

CONCLUSIONS Mycotoxins are relatively very danger matters for plants, animals and men. Mycotoxins are phytotoxic and they are negative matters for the development of plants (effective for plant stress). Mycotoxin caused the beginning of cancer development of tumor´s creation in animals and men. Biopreparations can depress pathogenic fungi in the soil and increase the yield of cereals

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