Thematic Data & Spatial Symbology.

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Presentation transcript:

Thematic Data & Spatial Symbology

Thematic Data Language and style interrelates thematic data and spatial symbology Understanding this language allows us to: Use appropriate cartographic symbolization and standards Communicate messages better Critique maps using an analytical framework Make better maps

Analytic Framework Spatial Dimension Spatial Characteristic Level of Measurement Visual Variables

Spatial Dimension Point Line Area Volume Space-Time

Spatial Dimension Point . X Y Geographic Coordinates

Spatial Dimension A Point has no extent or area 0 dimensional

Dot Distribution Map Proportional Symbol Map

Spatial Dimension Line Series of X 1 Dimension Y Length

Qualitative Thematic Line Map

Quantitative Thematic Line Map

Is a line always a line?

Spatial Dimension Found on base maps Area not thematic overlays Enclosed Series of X, Y 2 Dimensional Length & Width

Spatial Dimension Feature Model of Space Maps as graphic representations Feature Model of Space

Spatial Dimension + X Y Z Volume Thematic Overlay 3 Dimensions Area Surface

“Z” on thematic overlay Qualitative Nominal Area Map

Choropleth Map “Z” on thematic overlay Quantitative Volumetric Map

Spatial Dimension Space-Time X, Y, Z + Time = 4 Dimensions

Spatial Characteristic Discrete Continuous Sequential

= no Discrete Phenomenon Distinct locations in space Does the phenomenon occur throughout an area? no Spatial Dimension = Point Phenomena

= Continuous Phenomenon YES Does the phenomenon occur throughout an area? YES Spatial Dimension = Area or Volumetric Phenomena

Sequential Phenomena Series of points in a sequence Spatial Dimension = Line

Level of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Qualitative non-numeric Ordinal Quantitative non-numeric Interval Quantitative numeric Ratio Quantitative numeric

Nominal Least Accurate No Ordering Distinction in Category

Ordinal No Numerical Differences in Kind Categorization & Ranking

Interval Numerical Difference Between Categories No Zero Point, Can’t Make Ratio Claim

Ratio Same as Interval But Non-Arbitrary Zero Point

Visual Variables Point Line Area Qualitative or Quantitative ? Form Size Color Value Texture Orientation Point Line Area

Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Interval Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?

Spatial Dimension? Point Spatial Characteristic? Discrete Level of Measurement? Ratio Size = quantitative Visual Variable? Size Appropriate use of Visual Variable?

Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Ordinal Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?

Spatial Dimension? Volume Spatial Characteristic? Continuous Level of Measurement? Nominal Visual Variable? Color Color = qualitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?

Spatial Dimension? Point Line Spatial Characteristic? Discrete Sequential Level of Measurement? Ratio Visual Variable? Color Size Color = qualitative Size = Quantitative Appropriate use of Visual Variable?