WELCOME Dear Author Here are some important guidelines to facilitate your effort in preparing your contribution to the EOLSS Please spare a few minutes.

Please note that your contribution is for an archival publication is to be useful to both learners and teachers is to serve as a stand alone reference, and should carry state-of-the-art knowledge

Are you writing a Theme-level contribution? Then think of a treatise on the subject Your audience will be wide including non-experts Your have to say what the theme is about and present a perspective of the theme subject in all its aspects such as nature, history, overview of development and state-of-the-art. It has to establish the scope of the branches of the Theme field in terms of Topics that will follow within the Theme. Do not set out to offer in-depth analysis of the micro- level details of the subject, but attempt to integrate all aspects of the Topics that fit within the Theme. Do not merely assemble the topic summaries. You have adequate space of to words; please make good use of it.

Are you writing a Topic-level contribution? Your writing has to cover the topic in depth and contain relevant and necessary details of the established knowledge associated with it. Despite the increased depth of knowledge not found in the theme-level writing, let it also appeal to non- specialists who are experts in related fields as they may seek a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Therefore, start with a self-contained introduction that presents background information - a complete picture of the topic area. Include the latest advances and results in the subject area of the Topic. Make good use of the allowed size: to words.

The size specification is not sacrosanct. Please ignore the specified size limit if you actually need a reasonable amount of additional space.

Please sign the Author Agreement and Publication Agreement and Copyright Transfer in duplicate and return (if you have not done so) to your Honorary Theme Editor/ Commissioner. If you have reproduced materials (Tables, Figures) from other sources, please obtain formal permissions and submit together with the manuscript.

Manuscript Format Page margins 2cm on all sides MS Word Times New Roman font Single spacing Graphics have to be preferably in JPG with at least 300dpi resolution.

Manuscript organization TITLE OF CONTRIBUTION CLEARLY REFLECTING THE NATURE OF THE CONTRIBUTION IN PREFERABLY NOT MORE THAN 10 WORDS. (14pt bold all capitals) The rest of the document as indicated Brief addresses of authors (in italics) in 12 pt Keywords: Not more than two per thousand words separated by commas and typed in one paragraph. in 12 pt Short contents list: Section headings and subheadings only in 12 pt Summary (about 300 words) in 12 pt The body of the text, in an appropriate number of Sections, Subsections etc. up to three levels: e.g Insert captions of Tables, figures, etc. in the desired locations in the text. in 12 pt Glossary of terms, abbreviations, symbols, etc. in 10 pt Acknowledgments (if required) in 12 pt Bibliography [each item with annotation at the end guiding the reader for further study] in 12 pt Appendices in 12 pt Captioned Tables, graphics and Appendices in separate files. in 12 pt Biographical Sketch (es) of the Author (s) in 10 pt

EOLSS Manuscript Template Keep this template always in your files. Do not change the format of the template Make a copy of the template and ‘pour the material of your contribution’ into it. Type the various components of your contribution on the template to replace the existing material which is in fact an illustrated version of the Guidelines for Authors and they are automatically formatted. You may copy and paste your material from another document

Please refer to the Instructions for Authors (full) for further details if necessary

Manuscript folder Create a folder and include all the files for your contribution Use the hierarchical identification number in the name such as [ ], In this example 6.92 represents the Theme reference number and 05 the Topic number. The component files should be named as follows with this number as the prefix: text autdtls authbio keywords Table Table2 etc Figure Figure2 etc Appendx Appendx2

Please use the Author Check List to verify the completeness of your manuscript. Include the checked list in the manuscript folder Submit your contribution to the Honorary Theme Editor/Commissioner.

HTEs/Commissioners will forward the Final contributions with Manuscript Clearance (acceptance for publication) to: UNESCO-EOLSS Secretariat, UNESCO, SC/AP 1 rue Miollis, Paris Cedex 15, France. and copies to and (33.1) , Fax. (33.1) /

The Editorial Department will process your manuscript and you will have an opportunity to proofread it.

Please try to make your contribution to the EOLSS as something that you will be proud of

Best wishes for an enjoyable effort. THANK YOU