Roots of Democracy World History

Island Reflection Questions If this were a true experience, what parts of this activity do you think would be needed (rules, laws, rights, etc…)? Why? If this were a true experience, what parts of this activity do you think would be needed (rules, laws, rights, etc…)? Why? Based on your above answer, why do you think all nations/peoples develop some type of government? Based on your above answer, why do you think all nations/peoples develop some type of government?

Island Questions Give an example during the activity when a majority of the class agreed upon a decision. Give an example during the activity when a majority of the class agreed upon a decision. What are some advantages and disadvantages to everybody having a say in the decision? What are some advantages and disadvantages to everybody having a say in the decision? Give an example during the activity when one person made decisions, or tried to make decisions, for the entire class. Give an example during the activity when one person made decisions, or tried to make decisions, for the entire class. What are some advantages and disadvantages to one person making decisions? What are some advantages and disadvantages to one person making decisions?

Two Categories of Government Democracy – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people Democracy – Government by the people / Decisions made by the people Autocracy - Government by one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh) Autocracy - Government by one person (King / Queen / Emperor / Pharaoh)

Decision Making Autocratic or Democratic? Teacher decides there will be a test on Friday Teacher decides there will be a test on Friday Group of Friends decide on which movie to go to by discussing three possible movies and voting on which one they want to see. Group of Friends decide on which movie to go to by discussing three possible movies and voting on which one they want to see. Fast food Manager decides to give workers a dollar per hour raise Fast food Manager decides to give workers a dollar per hour raise

Autocratic or Democratic? Parents listen to daughter complain about staying out late and decide to let child stay out 1 hour later. Parents listen to daughter complain about staying out late and decide to let child stay out 1 hour later. Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote) what vacation to go on. Parents allow all 3 children to choose (vote) what vacation to go on. Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build a new city hall Mayor, elected by citizens, decides to build a new city hall Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure to increase funding to schools Citizens voted in favor of a city tax measure to increase funding to schools

Autocratic Advantages Efficient Efficient Order Order Changes can Happen Quickly Changes can Happen Quickly

Autocratic Disadvantages Needs a Strong Leader Needs a Strong Leader Decisions may not be interest of everyone Decisions may not be interest of everyone Too much power leads to corruption Too much power leads to corruption

Democratic Advantages Everyone has a say Everyone has a say Corruption more difficult Corruption more difficult Power too diffuse Power too diffuse

Democratic Disadvantages Messy, takes time Messy, takes time Sometimes hard to make difficult decisions Sometimes hard to make difficult decisions Need an Educated Citizenry Need an Educated Citizenry

Autocratic forms of Government Theocracy Theocracy Monarchy Monarchy Tyranny Tyranny Oligarchy Oligarchy Aristocracy Aristocracy

Democratic forms of Government Direct Democracy Direct Democracy Republic Republic Parliamentary System Parliamentary System Constitutional Monarchy Constitutional Monarchy

Anarchy Total Lack of Government (State of Nature) Total Lack of Government (State of Nature) No Rules, No Leaders No Rules, No Leaders

Democracy Rule by the masses/people Rule by the masses/people No Leader All Decisions made by the community No Leader All Decisions made by the community Created in ancient Athens Created in ancient Athens True Democracies only work in small groups True Democracies only work in small groups

Republic Rule by People’s Representative Rule by People’s Representative Created in Ancient Rome Created in Ancient Rome –Senator = Representative

Theocracy Rule by Religion Rule by Religion Leader: The Priest or Main Religious Figure Leader: The Priest or Main Religious Figure Examples: Ancient Egypt, Modern Iran, Vatican City Examples: Ancient Egypt, Modern Iran, Vatican City

???????? What would be some problems with having government based on a single religion? What would be some problems with having government based on a single religion?

Monarchy Rule by a single leader, typically claims Divine Right Rule by a single leader, typically claims Divine Right

Oligarchy Rule by a few individuals Rule by a few individuals

Aristocracy Rule by the Wealthy Rule by the Wealthy

Athenian Democracy (Solon, Cliesthenese, and Pericles)

Athenian Democracy (Solon, Cleisthenese, and Pericles) Greek Leader Contribution to Democracy Solon Cliesthenese Pericles

Solon Outlawed Slavery Outlawed Slavery 4 Classes based on Wealth not Heredity 4 Classes based on Wealth not Heredity Only 3 Higher classes were able to hold public office Only 3 Higher classes were able to hold public office Fairer code of laws Fairer code of laws Despite reforms Athens continued to be an autocracy Despite reforms Athens continued to be an autocracy

Cleisthenese Reorganized Assembly Reorganized Assembly Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage Allowed all citizens to submit laws for debate and passage Created Council of 400 Created Council of 400 –Advised Assembly –Seen as Founder of Greek Democracy

Pericles Led Athens in Golden Age B.C Led Athens in Golden Age B.C –Established Direct Democracy –Increased number of public officials –Poorer citizens were able to participate

Greek Philosophy Greek Thinkers Assumptions Greek Thinkers Assumptions –1.Universe is orderly –2.People can understand order of universe Respect for Human Intelligence and Reason allowed Democracy to flourish Respect for Human Intelligence and Reason allowed Democracy to flourish

Socratic method Socrates spent most of his time asking question about ethical issues. Socrates spent most of his time asking question about ethical issues. He had a knack for asking questions exposing ignorance, hypocrisy, and conceit among his fellow Athenians,particularly in regard to moral questions. He had a knack for asking questions exposing ignorance, hypocrisy, and conceit among his fellow Athenians,particularly in regard to moral questions. argued that knowledge was virtue argued that knowledge was virtue

Aristotle vs. Plato PlatoAristotle Major Works Beliefs about Man Beliefs about Government Beliefs about democracy Summary of Primary Source

Plato “The Republic” “The Republic” Rule of Philosopher Kings Rule of Philosopher Kings –Aristocracy= Rule of the Rich –Believed in organizing society into classes –He believed the intellectuals should be in control of government

Aristotle “Politics” “Politics” Man is by nature political Man is by nature political Legitimate Government- common good Legitimate Government- common good –Tyranny?, Democracy? Constitutional Government Constitutional Government

Roman Law Twelve Tables step toward fair government Complied into “Justinian Code” “government of laws not men”

Judaism Hebrew’s Monotheism -Created in God’s image, live moral lives - “Divine Spark” - God Given Rights, Freedom - 10 Commandments - Ethical vs. Legal Code

Christianity Jesus of Nazareth - emphasized morality equality and compassion - spread of Judeo-Christian ideas through Roman Empire

England’s Medieval Democratic Developments Henry II Henry II –Jury System –Common law King John King John –Magna Carta (Great Charter)  Contract between King and Nobles  Governance according to law  Due Process of Law  Consent of Governed (Parliament)

England’s Civil War King James I and Divine Right King James I and Divine Right Charles I and the Petition of Right Charles I and the Petition of Right Charles tries to Arrest Parliament Charles tries to Arrest Parliament English Civil War English Civil War –Royalists/Cavaliers vs. Roundheads –1649 Roundhead victory under Oliver Cromwell’s Leadership –1649 Charles I Beheaded

England’s Glorious Revolution Cromwell first establishes a commonwealth Cromwell first establishes a commonwealth Cromwell tears up constitution and becomes Lord Protectorate Cromwell tears up constitution and becomes Lord Protectorate –Puritan Morality Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles II Restoration of the Monarchy = Charles II –Habeas Corpus Rule of James II Rule of James II William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution –Bill of Rights, Cabinet System