خلايا الجهاز المناعي Cell and Organs of the Immune System تنشأ خلايا الجهاز المناعي من نخاع العظام Pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells خ يا الجذعية المكونة.

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Presentation transcript:

خلايا الجهاز المناعي Cell and Organs of the Immune System تنشأ خلايا الجهاز المناعي من نخاع العظام Pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells خ يا الجذعية المكونة للدم في نخاع العظام Common Lymphoid Myeloid Progenitor Progenitorالخ يا النخاعية الخ يا اللمفاوية

Cells Of The Immune System Pluripotent haemopoietic stem cell Common lymphoid progenitor Myeloid progenitor Macrophage Monocyte Neutrophil PMN Eosinophil Basophil Mast cell Phagocytosis Ag presentation Phagocytic Anti-bacterial Anti-parasite immunity ?Protection of mucosal surfaces? Protection of mucosal surfaces Lymphocyte Adaptive immunity

Lymphocyte subsets Activate B cells and macrophages T HELPER CELLS Th Kill virus- infected cells CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES CTL Produce antibodies PLASMA CELLS PC T B T CELLS B CELLS CLP Common lymphoid precursor

LYMPHOCYTES BASOPHIL NEUTROPHILS EOSINOPHIL MONOCYTE Cells of the blood RED BLOOD CELLS

Effective Immune Response Requirements متطلبات الاستجابة المناعية الفعالة I. Lymphocytes Cells II. Antigen – Presenting Cells I. Lymphocytes Cells الخلايا اللمفاوية WBCHematopoiesis تكوين الدم Bone marrow

I. Lymphocytes Cells الخلايا اللمفاوية WBCHematopoiesis تكوين الدم تكوين الدم BMLymphoid organs اعضاء لمفاوية اعضاء لمفاوية Bone marrow Blood Lymphatic system Lymphocytes display receptors تحمل مستقبلات للأرتباط بالانتيجينات الغريبة Specificity diversity memory Self- Non- Self Recognition

B- Lymphocytes تنشأ وتنضج في نخاع العظام Naive B- Cell/ Ag divide + replicate خلايا الذاكرة memory B cell الخلايا الفعالة Effector B cell Plasma cell Antigen- binding Receptor (ABR) = Antibodies أجسام مضادة 2000 / Ab mol. /sec عمر أطول memory B cell Longer عدة أيام Plasma cell short

تنشأ في نخاع العظام وتنضج في الغدة السعترية Thymus gland TCRAg molecules on MHC MHCAg Presentation تقديم الانتجين MHC-I + MHC-II تميز Recognize T- Cell- Receptor = TCR الخلايا المقدمة للأنتجين APC معظم الخلايا Antigen Presenting Cells T-Lymphocytes

Naïve T Cell/ Ag divide + replicate خلايا الذاكرة memory T cell الخلايا الفعالة Effector T cell

T- helper (T H ) CD 4 MHC-II T H / MHC-II Cytokines T-cell, B- cell, Macrophage (immune Response) T- cytotoxic (T C ) CD8 MHC-I CD8 MHC-I Type of T- cells تنشيط activation Ts

Peptide binding groove Cell Membrane MHC class IMHC class II MHC molecules ß2M Peptide

CD4 + Activated Th cell CD4 + B cell HELP IL2 IL4 IFN-  Virus Class II MHC Cooperation between CD4 + Th cells and B cells to make antiviral antibodies

CTL CD8 + T cell mediated virus elimination CYTOTOXICITY Viral infection CTL Lethal hit Target cell death CTL

CD4 + Virus infected cell IFN-  TNF-  Direct inhibition of virus infection by virus-specific CD4 + T cells Effector CD4+ T cell Inhibit viral gene expression Induce apoptosis Upregulate MHC

MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION by CD4 + Th cells Inflammatory Th cell CD4 + Resting Macrophage IFN-  TNF-  IL-1 CD4 + Activated macrophage Activation of killing mechanisms

T H TcCTL Cytokine Ag MHC-I CTL(No) Cytokines Cells – Ag – I MHC خلايا الذات المحوره ALTERED SELF – CELLS 3. ازالة الخلايا المزروعة من الأنسجة الغريبة 2. ازالة الخلايا المتسرطنة 1. ازالة الخلايا المصابة مهمه وظايفياً في الجسم CTL Cytotoxic activity لها نشاط سمى نوع السيتوكينات المفرزة (TH) تحدد نوع الاستجابة المناعية

Antigen – Presenting Cells (APC): Humoral + Cell mediated immune system Req. Cytokines From (TH) أهمية تنشيط (TH) Activation (TH) Regulated المناعة الذاتية القاتلة Fatal autoimmune الخلايا TH نشطة تنظيمياً

(Ag/MHC II) APC وهذه تشمل APC: Antigen Presenting cell Macrophage, B-Lymphocytes, dendritic cells تميز Recognize Regulated activation TH

APCAg molecules Ag molecule/ MHC-IITH phagocytosis Endocytosis Recognized by TH Cells More signals Form APC activate - Iتنتج MHC – II -IIارسال اشارات signal محفزة في تنشيط (TH) APC: تتميز بعدة خصائص

Organs of the Immune System Organs of the Immune System

Lymphoid organs Peripheral: LYMPH NODES SPLEEN PEYERS PATCHES T and B cell activation Antigen trapping Organized tissue in which lymphocytes interact with non-lymphoid cells Sites of maturation & initiation of adaptive immune responses Central: THYMUS – T cell maturation BONE MARROW – B cell maturation

الأعضاء اللمفاوية الأولية Primary Lymphoid Organs (PLO) central الخلايا اللمفاوية الغير ناضجة Lymphocytes آلية تكوين الدم hematopoiesis PLO: Thymus + Bone marrow نخاع العظامالفترة السعترية Immunocompetent

الغدة السعترية Thymus bilobed Lobules (trabeculae) organ organ الطبقة الخارجية : خلايا T-cell الغير ناضجة ( كثيرة ) Cortex الطبقة الداخلية : خلايا T-Cell ( قليلة ) MedullaThymocytes divided تنقسم