American Slavery in 19th Century

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Presentation transcript:

American Slavery in 19th Century Unit 2

Warm Up What is the subject of this image? What title would you give this drawing? Compare this image with what you know of the time period.

Two Americas Northern states Southern states Industry (manufactured goods) & staple crops (food) production By 1820’s most of the northern states had abolished slavery MA, CT, NH,VT, RI, Maine, Michigan, PA, OH, IN, IL, NJ,NY Cash crop (non-food) production Cotton gin [engine], Eli Whitney Makes ‘cleaning’ cotton fiber 50 times faster than by hand Short staple cotton become highly profitable if slave labor is used MD, VA, NC, KY, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, Arkansas, Missouri, Louisiana

American Economy 1790 - 1860 Industrial Revolution By early 1800s, Northern factories can mass produce cotton goods Spinning jenny, mechanical looms (flying shuttle) Cotton cloth is more utilitarian than wool Demand for cotton rises Cotton can be grown across the south Planters move west –new states added By 1860, 75% of the world’s cotton grown in the American South

Analyze What is the relationship between cotton production and slave labor? Cotton = Slavery

The New Slave Trade Slavery is key to the South’s economic success AND North’s textile industry Even after 1808 Constitutional ban on importation of slaves Some smuggling of slave cargoes continued Rise of domestic slave trade Sale & transportation of slaves -upper Southeast where cotton wasn’t produced to lower South and Western cotton plantations VA/KY/MD slave owners sell slaves instead of cash crops Kidnapping of free blacks in the North & South increased New slave markets emerge in Baltimore and Washington, DC

Social Hierarchy of the Deep South ¼ of southern whites owned slaves Most owners had 5 slaves of less Wealthy planters owned 20% of slaves Controlled state & national politics Suppressed abolitionist laws & speech “Gag Rule” 1836 – 1844, prevented Congress from discussing abolition laws

Slave Life in the Deep South Small farms: slaves did multiple jobs Plantations: Field hands -12 hrs +/6 days work Men, women, children over 10 House servants –less demanding manual labor, but had to be available 24/7 Religion –key factor in slave culture Slave preachers keep hope alive Spirituals –express religious faith/work songs/communication Marriage encouraged Prevent rebellion & escape Children meant $ to owners

Close Based on today’s lesson, what do you think South Carolina Senator James Henry Hammond meant by this statement? “Cotton is king!”