(Octavian) Augustus 31BC- 14AD 27BC receives the title of Augustus, Princeps, imperator From this point on he is considered emperor Begins the Pax Romana.

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Presentation transcript:

(Octavian) Augustus 31BC- 14AD 27BC receives the title of Augustus, Princeps, imperator From this point on he is considered emperor Begins the Pax Romana 31BC-180AD

The Reforms of Augustus Kept the Republican constitution (relationship with the Senate? Dignitas?) –Thought of himself as first citizen of the Republic Revived Roman morality ( Fides, Pietas, Gravitas) Police and Fire departments Public Works Postal service, local government given more authority Strong control and reorganization of the army Praetorian Guard created Census for entire empire

Tiberius AD Married to Augustus's daughter Julia Came to power when Augustus’s two grandsons Gaius and Lucius died early

Gaius (Caligula) or “Bootsie” 37-41AD Grandson of Augustus Only surviving son of Germanicus Tiberius killed or exiled his entire family Co-Emperor with Gemellus (until he killed him)

Caligula’s weirdness Why? Living god? Incest with Drusila Statues Horse as a Consul/Senator? Killed by his own guard

Claudius 41-54AD Claudius 41-54AD Brother of Germanicus Never supposed to rule (problems) Raised to the throne by the Praetorians Accomplishments –Conquered and occupied Great Britain 2 children and one stepson (Nero) Poisoned by his wife Agrippina (Nero’s Mom)

Nero (54-68AD) Emperor at 16 Murder (who) The arts –Final words! Fire/Christians The End of Nero

The Flavian Dynasty (The Military Emperors) 4 Emperors in one year (68-69AD) before the Flavians take over Vespasian (69-81AD) –Designed the coliseum –Successful general Titus –Completed construction of the (“Flavian Amphitheater”)

The Good Emperors The Adoptive system more widely used Trajan (98-117AD) –Spanish, expands empire to its greatest extent Hadrian ( AD) –Codified Roman law (same for all provinces) –Defensive wall in G.B. 73 miles long Marcus Aurelius ( AD) –Last of the good emperors (“Philosopher King”) Spent most of his time fighting Germans His son Commodus begins the decline of the empire

Rome at its greatest extent 117AD

Achievements of the Pax Romana peace, order, unity and prosperity –Prosperity (All roads lead to Rome) Protection on roads and at sea –Law and order (unifies law code) –Unity: Civus Romanus Sum (70 mil) –Bread And Circuses Conceal social and economic problems

Art, Architecture and Engineering Circus Maximus / Coliseum Aqueducts (Greek vaults and arches) Concrete (Rounded dome) Mosaics

Roman Aqueducts

The Coming of Christianity The Roman religion –Polytheistic –Ancestor worship (home) and state religion –No moral code, pragmatic –Demanded no special lifestyle from followers –Just need to respect the gods (sacrifice) –Anthropomorphism –Rituals, taboos, superstitions and traditions

Early Christianity A new sect of Judaism Concentrated in East and N. Africa at 1 st Emphasis on life after death 29 AD Jesus turned over to Pontius Pilate

Problems with Rome Obey laws but no Caesar worship –treason No games, no service to the army Incest? Cannibalism? Persecutions (Why?) The effect of martyrs Appeal? –Egalitarian, more personal, salvation and eternal life

The Impact of Christianity Saul of Tarsus (Became Paul in 35 AD) –Helped separate Judaism and Christianity Christian Literature –St. Augustine The City of God –Provides answers to imp. questions