Freud and Jung

 Method of mind investigation – especially unconscious  “A therapeutic method, originated by Sigmund Freud, for treating mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the patient's mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind, using techniques such as dream interpretation and free association” (Oxford English Dictionary)

 Human behaviour is affected by irrational drives - the unconscious  Attempts to bring unconscious material into awareness meet resistance in the form of defence mechanisms:  Events in early childhood influence such mechanisms  Conflicts between conscious view of reality and unconscious (repressed) material = mental disturbances  Liberation from the effects of the unconscious material is achieved through bringing this into consciousness

 Free association, dreams and transference:  Patient puts into words, without censorship, whatever thoughts enter head  Patient helps him or herself – solve their own problems

 Freud turned dreams into an object of scrutiny and developed a theory for interpreting them  The Interpretation of Dreams: dreams express current wishes as well as unfulfilled childhood desires  Freud believed all problems originate from unresolved conflicts in childhood  Dream-work:  Condensation: different ideas – single image  Displacement: disturbing – less disturbing  Representation: thoughts – images  Symbolization: object- sexual life

 This concept refers to the way in which a client or patient attributes to the analyst the attitudes and characteristics of important childhood figures

 Id  Present from birth  Unconscious  Driven by pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires, wants, and needs  The Ego  Dealing with reality  Functions in conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind  Super-ego  Internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from both parents and society--our sense of right and wrong  Making judgements  The Interaction of the Id, Ego and Superego  According to Freud, the key to a healthy personality is a balance between the id, the ego, and the superego

 Form of psychotherapy in which the analyst and patient work together to increase the patient’s consciousness  Treat depression and anxiety  Assists psychological growth  Realignment of conscious and unconscious aspects of the personality

 Psyche  Ego - centre of consciousness  Self - centre of whole psyche  Analytic work moves beyond ego and seeks to establish a relationship between ego and self  Persona  Social identity that we identify with the ego  We are much more than the social roles we may play and can move beyond them  Shadow  Unconscious aspects of our personality that have been lost, rejected or never integrated.  If identified - less likely to blame others for our problems

 Two other fundamental archetypes in the unconscious  Inner feminine side of a man – Anima  Inner masculine side of a woman – Animus  When conscious of these figures, they can promote and support new aspects of thinking, feeling and expression  When figures remain unconscious, they can sabotage efforts for growth and fulfilment

 Coming to terms with the unconscious  Appreciating the experience (journey) of exploring the unconscious  Working towards self-realisation through dreams  Develop a way to evaluate things symbolically