Section 16.5: The Final Chapters of the War

Admiral David Farragut and the Union navy had attacked New Orleans, at the mouth of the Mississippi –They forced the Confederacy to surrender there General Grant also captured Vicksburg, MS –The loss of Vicksburg meant that the entire Mississippi River was controlled by the Union army Grant was now the commander in chief of all the Union armies –He wanted to destroy the South so they could no longer fight –This would include destroying the cotton industry, railroads for transporting goods, and seaports for receiving goods from Europe

Election of 1864 In 1864, the Republicans nominated Lincoln for a second term Civil War veteran George McClellan was the Democrats’ choice for President –His party stood for bringing an end to the war Before the election, the Union scored victories on land and sea The sudden change in events ruined the chances of the Democrats Lincoln won easily Abraham Lincoln George McClellan

General Sherman Advancing His Army Under General Grant’s orders, General William Sherman led an army of 100,000 men into Atlanta, Georgia Confederate General John Hood tried to stop the Union troops, but he was forced to retreat General Sherman and about 60,000 Union troops set out from Atlanta Sherman commanded his troops to destroy everything in sight William Sherman John Hood

His army cut a fifty-mile-wide path through Georgia –His troops destroyed bridges, barns, livestock, railroads, and crops On Dec 21, 1864, the Union army captured Savannah General Sherman marched northward to join General Grant at Richmond in the spring of 1865 Phillip Sheridan, another Union general, was closing in quickly from the West

General Lee was in a difficult situation In one last desperate move, the Confederate leader marched his men westward General Phillip Sheridan’s troops surrounded Robert E. Lee near Appomattox Court House in Virginia –Lee asked for the terms of surrender, to avoid even more losses on both sides

End of the War General Lee met General Grant to discuss the terms of surrender of April 9, 1865 Grant’s terms were generous –Confederate soldiers would be allowed to keep their horses and mules –Officers could keep their pistols; all other military guns and supplies were to be turned over to the Union The terms were accepted by General Lee The war was over The Union had been saved and the slavery question was finally settled

Losses From the War The losses from the war were very high It claimed more American lives than any other war before it The fighting damaged property, too Sherman’s march alone was estimated to have caused over $100 million in damages UnionConfederacy Soldiers Served2,213,4001,003,600 Battle Deaths110,00094,000 Wounded275,000226,000 Deaths by Disease224,00060,000

16.5 PowerPoint Questions 1.) How was the loss at Vicksburg harmful to the Confederacy? 2.) What was Grant’s plan for winning the war? 3.) Why was the election of 1864 important? 4.) How did General Sherman’s army destroy the South? 5.) Why was General Lee forced to surrender? C.T.) The Civil War resulted in a huge loss of life and damage to property. What other things do you think the war affected?

Chapter 16 Review: Identifying Facts Ambrose BurnsideAntietamblockade John Hood Jefferson Davis Emancipation ProclamationGettysburg Appomattox Court HouseFort SumterRobert E. LeeGettysburg Address Stonewall JacksonVicksburgWilliam Sherman 1.___ was the Confederate general whose troops tried to defend Atlanta from Union attack. 2.The battle at ___ last for three days and was the turning point of the war. 3.One of the bloodiest battles of the war was fought in Maryland on ___ Creek. 4.General ___ commanded the Confederate army. 5.The troops of ___ cut a path of destruction fifty miles wide through Georgia. 6.After General Grant captured ___, the Union controlled the entire Mississippi River. 7.The Civil War began with the attack on ___. 8.___ and his troops help the Confederacy to win the Battle of Manassas in July of President Lincoln gave the ___ at the dedication of a national cemetery. 10.To prevent the South from selling cotton and buying military goods, the Union formed a ___of the Confederacy’s ports. 11.___ replaced General McClellan as the head of the Union army. 12.The ___ freed enslaved people in the Confederate States on Jan 1, Lee signed the surrender to Grant in Virginia at ___. 14.The President of the Confederate States of America was ___.

Chapter 16 Review: Understanding Main Ideas 1.What was the purpose of the Union blockade? 2.What happened that helped Lincoln win re- election in 1864? 3.What were the terms of Lee’s surrender to Grant? 4.What was no longer an issue after the Civil War was over? 5.Many of the soldiers who fought in the Civil War were teenagers. What do you think of the idea of teenagers fighting in a war? 6.Lee considered Grant’s terms of surrender to be generous. If you had been Grant, what would your terms of surrender have been?