DO NOW Fill in the blanks on your Do Now slip using the words from the word bank.

Let’s go over the Do Now… Atoms consist of a nucleus that contains positively charged subatomic particles called _______________________ and subatomic particles with no charge called _______________________. Around the nucleus, negatively-charged subatomic particles called _______________________ float around. Atoms form _______________________ with each other in order to create _______________________. Some of these have an uneven distribution of positive and negative charges, meaning that one side is more positive while the other side is more negative. A molecule like this would be considered _______________________. _______________________ bonding, important in water and other molecules, happens when the slightly positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative charge of a different atom in another molecule. protons neutrons electrons bonds molecules polar Hydrogen bonding

MACROMOLECULES PART 2: PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS Quick review: Which picture below represents the monomer of the polymer shown to the right? A B C D

NUCLEIC ACIDS: The Genetic Code DNA or RNA Contains the “instructions” for processes occurring within an organism Determines characteristics of that organism Passed on from parents (1/2 from each)

NUCLEOTIDES: The MONOMER of Nucleic Acids Phosphate Sugar Nitrogen base Three parts to a nucleotide (label them in your notes):

Nucleotides bond together to form the polymer, a nucleic acid. The sequence of the nitrogen bases is the “code”, the language of nucleic acid This sequence is “read” and used to make the correct proteins

PROTEINS Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen – C, H, O and N Monomer = amino acids, joined together by peptide bonds to form the polymer Perform a huge variety of functions in living organisms

AMINO ACIDS: The MONOMER of proteins There are 20 different amino acids The types and order/sequences of these amino acids in a protein is what determines what that protein is and what its role will be

ALL AMINO ACIDS HAVE: An amino group A carboxyl group An “R” group: this is the one that makes each one different

PROTEINS are essential for life: They transport materials (maintaining Homeostasis) They break things down (Using energy) They help cells communicate (Responding to their environment) They maintain and repair body tissue (Growing and developing) They signal our brains (Reproducing) – Hormones!

Enzymatic 13 Enzymes are proteins! Enzyme Example: Digestive enzymes help break bonds in food molecules. Function: Speed up chemical reactions

Storage 14 Storage proteins Ovalbumin Amino acids for embryo Function: Storage of amino acids Examples: Casein, the protein of milk, is the major source of amino acids for baby mammals. Plants have storage proteins in their seeds. Ovalbumin is the protein of egg white, used as an amino acid source for the developing embryo.

Hormonal 15 Hormonal proteins Function: Coordination of an organism’s activities Example: Insulin, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, causes other tissues to take up glucose, thus regulating blood sugar concentration High blood sugar Normal blood sugar Insulin secreted

Defensive 16 Defensive proteins Virus Antibodies Bacterium Function: Protection against disease Example: Antibodies inactivate and help destroy viruses and bacteria.

Transport 17 Transport proteins Transport protein Cell membrane Function: Transport of substances Examples: Hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein of vertebrate blood, transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body. Other proteins transport molecules across cell membranes.

Receptor 18 Signaling molecules Receptor protein Receptor proteins Function: Response of cell to chemical stimuli Example: Receptors built into the membrane of a nerve cell detect signaling molecules released by other nerve cells.

Structural  m Collagen Connective tissue Structural proteins Function: Support Examples: Keratin is the protein of hair, horns, feathers, and other skin appendages. Insects and spiders use silk fibers to make their cocoons and webs, respectively. Collagen and elastin proteins provide a fibrous framework in animal connective tissues.

CCSI: Colonel Crime Scene Investigators

You have a… dah duh dahhhhh… a murder mystery to solve… You and your partners, as top-notch Biology students at WFHS, have been asked to assist with the investigation.

The victim An autopsy revealed that the victim ate just before the estimated time of death. After questioning the victim’s family and friends, you’ve determined that he could have eaten at one of the following 3 locations.

Location 1: Dairy Queen The victim’s FAVORITE place to satisfy his sweet tooth! He would get his “usual” every time: a hot fudge sundae mounded high with peanuts.

Location 2: Buffalo Wild Wings The victim would catch the U.Va. game here while feasting on Blazin’ wings and celery.

Location 3: Luigi’s Italian Cuisine The victim would keep it simple here, dining on bread, and fresh homemade pasta with olive oil.

So… Where did he have his last meal? Analyze his stomach contents to find out…

TABLE: ORGANIC COMPOUND MONOMERPOLYMERINDICATOR TEST PROTEIN (CHON)AMINO ACIDSPROTEIN CHAINS, POLYPEPTIDES BIURET’S SOLUTION CARBOHYDRATE – monosaccharides, glucose (CH2O mono) MONOSACCHARIDESPOLYSACCHARIDESBENEDICT’S SOLUTION CARBOHYDRATE – polysaccharides, starch (CH2O poly) MONOSACCHARIDESPOLYSACCHARIDESLUGOL’S IODINE LIPDS – fats (CHO)FATTY ACIDSFATTY ACID CHAINSBROWN PAPER BAG TEST