Introduction to the Brain The brain stem ( 腦幹 ) is between the spinal cord and the rest of the brain. Basic functions like breathing and sleep are controlled here. 2015/12/81

Introduction to the Brain The basal ganglia ( 基底神經節 ) are a cluster of structures in the center of the brain. The basal ganglia coordinate messages between multiple other brain areas. 2015/12/82

Introduction to the Brain It is associated with complex cognitive behaviors that includes: –Learning –Integrative cognitive functions ( 結合認知功能 ) –Memory –Emotional functions –Control or regulation of behavior ( 控制或監管的行為 ) –Regulation of motor functions including limb and eye movements 2015/12/83

Introduction to the Brain Responsible for retrieval processes –the ability to retrieve information stored in the brain — as well as procedural memory — the memory associated with the knowledge to do a task. (Bigler and Clement, Diagnostic Clinical Neuropsychology at 44. 3d Ed.) These structures are vulnerable to damage from carbon monoxide poisoning ( 一氧化碳中毒 ). 2015/12/84

Introduction to the Brain The cerebellum ( 小腦 )is at the base and the back of the brain. The cerebellum is responsible for coordination and balance. It plays an important role in movements which require careful timing and interaction of many muscles: – maintaining posture, walking, eating, playing musical instruments, tracking movements with the eyes, etc /12/85

Introduction to the Brain 2015/12/86