Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 2: Signal Detection and Absolute Judgement Slide Template

SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

The Signal Detection Paradigm Hit, misses, false alarms and correct rejections.

The Signal Detection Paradigm Change in the evidence variable caused by a weak and strong signal.

The Signal Detection Paradigm Hypothetical distribution underlying signal detection theory and sensitivity

Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT Signal probability. Optimal beta. Payoffs. Expected value.

Setting the Response Criterion: Optimally in SDT Human Performance in Setting Beta. Sluggish beta. Relationship between obtained and optimal decision criteria.

Sensitivity Misses result because of high beta or low sensitivity

The roc curve

Theoretical Representation Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve

Theoretical Representation Analysis of confidence ratings in signal detection tasks.

Theoretical Representation Z-scores.

Empirical Data Distinction between theoretical data and actual empirical data collected in an experiment

FUZZY SIGNAL DETECTION THEORY

Fuzzy SDT Combining SDT and fuzzy logic. Mapping function.

Applications of sdt

Medical Diagnosis Disease prevalence.

Recognition Memory and Eyewitness Testimony Relative judgment

Alarm and Alert Systems SDT and warning signals

Alarm and Alert Systems Alarm false alarms Minimum safe altitude warning Solutions: Use multiple alarm levels Raise automated beta slightly Keep the human in the loop Improve operator understanding of alarm false alarms.

vigilance

Target versus non-target events Vigilance level and vigilance decrement

Measuring Vigilance Performance Influences on sensitivity Changes in bias

Theories of Vigilance Arousal theory

Theories of Vigilance Sustained demand theory. Expectancy theory.

Techniques to Combat the Loss of Vigilance Increasing sensitivity: show target examples increase target salience reduce the event rate train observers Shift in Response Criterion. Instructions, knowledge of results, false signals, confidence levels Other techniques Arousal and fatigue

Application Inside and outside the Laboratory Examples Situation Awareness

Absolute JUDGMENT

Quantifying Information Bits

Single Dimensions Experimental Results Channel capacity Bow Effect Applictions

Multi-dimensional Judgment Orthogonal Dimensions

Multi-dimensional Judgment Correlated Dimensions

Multi-dimensional Judgment Dimensional Relations: Integral and Separable. Garner Sort task.

Multi-dimensional Judgment Configural Dimensions Emergent features. Summary

Multi-dimensional Judgment Implications of Multi-Dimensional Absolute Judgment Example of configural dimensions for the heights and widths of rectangles

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