CHAPTER 6 THE DUEL FOR NORTH AMERICA

French Settlement in North America  France came late to NA colonization  Louis XIV:  Samuel de Champlain  France ruled Canada autocratically  Reasons Canada grew slowly French holdings: 1700

New France Fans Out  Beaver and other furs important resource  Fur-trappers ranged over French Territory  Important interaction with Native Americans  Exploration of Voyageurs  Jesuit Missionaries

Map 6.2: Fur-Trading Posts

Other French Explorers  Antoine Cadillac founded Detroit  Robert de La Salle: interior basin “Louisiana”  Early 1700s establish a number of posts on the Mississippi river.  New Orleans founded in Significance of New Orleans? Significance of New Orleans?

Treaty of Utrecht  England gets : Nova Scotia Nova Scotia Newfoundland Newfoundland Hudson Bay area Hudson Bay area limited trading rights in Spanish America limited trading rights in Spanish America

Background to French and Indian War  Ohio Valley dispute  Va. Governor Dinwitty sends militia and George Washington  Fort Necessity  GW forced to surrender after 10-hour siege  Unofficial start of the French and Indian War (Seven-Years War).

French and Indian War  In Europe, England and Prussia against France, Spain, Austria and Russia  In America, French and their Indian allies against British, colonists and their Indian allies

Albany Congress  7 of 13 Colonies send reps.  Short-range purpose  Long-range purpose  Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan Albany PlanAlbany Plan

French and Indian War  Fort Duquesne  Battle of the Wilderness 7/9/55 Braddock Braddock Brits pummeled Brits pummeled Washington a hero Washington a hero Significance Significance

French and Indian War  William Pitt new Prime Minister “Great Commoner” His policies toward war  James Wolfe – Quebec

 Treaty of Paris 1763: Canada seceded to Brit. French forced to give Louisiana to Spain. Spanish give Florida to the Brits. France completely out of N.A.

Affects of War  20,000 Americans fight in the war.  Colonies emerge with renewed confidence in their military abilities.  Myth of invincible Brit. troops shattered.  Brits have contempt for colonial militias.  Some colonists had not supported the war.  Greater Colonial Unity

Impact of War on Colonists  New sense of Freedom-French Gone  Feel less dependent on Brits  Want to spread into Ohio Valley  Indian threat reduced  Pontiac’s Rebellion Significance Significance

Proclamation of 1763  What did it do?  What was Britain’s objective  How did the colonists react to it?

End of Chapter