Decade of Roma Inclusion Implementation Purpose of collecting data and its possible application Andrey Ivanov Human Development Adviser, Bratislava RSC

Presentation outline n Methodology and sampling n Levels of comparability; difference between DATA and INDICATORS n Brief outlook at the data for Czech Republic n Possible usage of the data for policy purposes and for the Decade implementation

Nature of the survey n Integrated household survey containing household and individual modules n “Status” data and not “attitudes” information n Main interviewee – head of the household n Two separate questionnaires (status of the household and of each individual member) n Provides basis for comparisons in all countries in SEE and CEE with sizeable Roma minorities and other vulnerable groups like IDPs and refugees where relevant ( two or three separate samples) n Universe studied – households in areas with compact Roma population (municipalities or neighborhoods with share of Roma population at and above the national average), majorities living in close proximity to Roma and IDPs/refugees where relevant

The sampling model assumptions n Census understate absolute numbers but reflect the structure and distribution (“where those people are?”) n Comparability with the “majority in proximity” equally important as comparability with national average (perhaps even more important) n Majority boosters – a “benchmark” sample for comparisons between Roma and majorities living in close proximity to Roma (i.e. in similar socioeconomic environment) n Map vulnerability of groups with common socio- economic patterns

Sample design n Universe defined as average and above share of Roma in each AU; n Sampling clusters were determined using estimations of Roma organizations n Individual respondents identified using random route selection n The major challenge - “Who is Roma?” Compromise between self- identification and external identification with three levels of identification:  Self-identification (reflected in the census) to identify the distribution and size of sampling clusters  External identification (local activists, Roma experts, social workers) to identify the specific location of sampling clusters  Potential respondents’ “implicit confirmation of the external identification” (identifying the individual respondents)

“Decade” countries samples Realized samples Country MajorityRomaTotal Households HH members Households HH members Households HH members Bulgaria Croatia Czech Republic Hungary Macedonia Montenegro Romania Serbia

Data and Indicators n The survey provides data on the status (both of individuals and of the households). Example of data: levels of HH incomes or educational status or age of respondents n Based on the data indicators are computed using individual records (poverty rates based on income or expenditure data or enrollment rates based on educational status and age of respondents) n Data is fixed, indicators may vary (for example depending on the poverty line chosen)

Levels of comparability n Between different sampled groups (Roma and majority living in close proximity to Roma) n Between Roma and status of the average population (reflected in HBS, LFS) n Between Roma populations in different countries with similar socioeconomic conditions

Data and its application for the National Action Plans n Why do we need data if we already know that the situation is dire? n What kind of data? n How to read and understand it? n How to avoid misinterpretation?

What the data shows: Poverty Leaken poverty rate (60% median national income, poverty line = Czech crowns per equalized capita/year, based on Microcensus NTL average RomaMCPR Share of population below national poverty line

Employment To increase employment of Roma (10% annual increase in the number of Roma graduates of further professional and vocational training) Length of unemployment: 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Unemployment rate, total LF 61 WAP Leaken PR for unemployed36.04 To increase employability of unemployed Roma (cut the length of the average period that Roma remain unemployed in half) Length of unemployment: 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR - up to 3 months more than 2 years more than 4 years never was employed184 - average length (months)5118

Self-employment and small business Capacity building of SMEs (to increase the number of SMEs created by Roma or employing Roma) 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Share of households which experienced that somebody from it ever tried to start his/her own business, Roma 1017 Share of registered businesses Sector of economy in which the business operated -- construction trade services15

Equal employment opportunities Equal opportunity policies in practice (change the willingness of entrepreneurs to employ Roma applicants) 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Share of people who were denied employment when no other applicants wanted it 275 Share of people who experienced that representative of ethnic majority was selected when competing with a person from the majority while having same of better skills 243 Share of people who experienced that representative of the other minority was selected when competing with a person from another minority while having the same or better skills 163 Share of people who experienced to be the first to lose job when employing company had to lay off worker 237

Education - 22% of Roma children attending “Schools for disabled”

Access to housing Overall objectives: preventing new residential segregation, improving situation in existing segregated Roma locations (ghettos) and increasing access to housing by socially weak Roma. Securing fair access of Roma to all forms of housing 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Average size of the household (assuming 1 HH = 1 dwelling) Number of rooms per household member Number of square meters of total area of the dwelling per household member

Social exclusion and housing Fighting social exclusion - preventing evictions of vulnerable Roma households 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR outstanding monthly payments for water (as share of total monthly income of HH) 229 outstanding monthly payments for electricity (as share of total monthly income of HH) 1812 outstanding monthly payments for rent (as share of total monthly income of HH) 8720 Average value of outstanding payments for water (CZK) Average value of outstanding payments for electricity (CZK) Average value of outstanding payments for other payments related to housing (CZK) Average value of outstanding payments for rent (CZK)

Social exclusion and modern communication Fighting social exclusion - re-integration of socially excluded Roma individuals and households 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Share of households living in ruined house or slum (external evaluation) … 144 Number of fixed phone lines per 100 inhabitants Number of PCs per 100 inhabitants Number of Internet users per 100 inhabitants

Access to health services To improve health of Roma 2004 NTL average RomaMCPR Share of households in which all its members have a personal doctor 8698 Share of population not having access to essential drugs 6278

Conclusions and next steps n Quantitative data is necessary to outline the real magnitude of disparities n It helps build persuasive message and receive broad constituencies’ support Decade implementation n It suggests the areas needing more work (the empty boxes in blue, which still need to be filled in)