Final Study Guide Child Development

Small motor skills Small muscle development –Example: holding a crayon

Large motor skills Large muscle development –Example: running

Hand-eye coordination - visual motor skills used for eating, catching a ball and coloring Attachment – bond between the child and the caregiver Stranger anxiety – when baby fears unusual people

Separation anxiety – fear that children have of being away from their caregivers Parallel play – playing near, but not with other kids Cooperative play – playing with others

Ambidextrous – ability to use both hands Imitation learning – learning when the child follows the lead of someone else Attention span – ability to focus on experiences

Perception – how babies hear, smell, and feeling things Empathy – understanding how someone else feels Imagination – type of learning that is creative –Example: coloring or dramatic play

Fallopian tube – location where conception takes place Depth perception – recognizing things as 3-dimensional Swaddling – wrapping a baby up tight to comfort him/her

Conception – moment when the sperm and egg meet Umbilical cord – provides nutrition to the baby from the mother X and Y chromosome – X = female Y = male

Self concept – how we feel about ourselves

List and describe the three patterns of development. Head to foot – baby can lift his/her head then can walk Near to far – has control of parts close to the body and then those far away Simple to complex – baby can drink from a bottle and eventually can use silverware

List three tips for car seat safety. Put the seat in the back middle Never use an outdated car seat Keep straps snug Face seat backwards until child is 20lbs.

List three tips for toilet training Use cheerios for aiming Be prepared for accidents Take children to the bathroom frequently Use a potty chair Don’t train babies

Name two benefits of reading with children. Helps them learn to talk Bonding Small motor skills – turning pages Develops attention span Teaches new words

Name two ways babies comfort themselves. Pacifier Suck his/her thumb Rub the silky edge of a blanket Twirl his/her hair

Things to check in a crying baby: Diaper Bottle Rocking Gas

Name a baby’s primary way of communicating. Crying

Babies show distress at what month? Birth

At what age to babies typically begin to crawl? 9-10

Why is it important to feed toddlers a variety of foods? Because they are developing their eating habits for the rest of their lives

List the benefits of breastfeeding: Raises intelligence Mother may lose weight more quickly Raise immune system Cheap/free

How many hours will a newborn baby sleep? 20

Babies enjoy looking at what? Faces

What immunizations do babies need? There are no immunizations for HIV!

Identify environmental hazards of pregnancy and effects on the baby. Alcohol – FAS Smoking – premature birth, low-birth weight Drugs – miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight Caffeine – depends on how much was drank

Describe the difference between identical and fraternal twins. Identical – from the same egg Fraternal – from different eggs