(External & Internal Structures)

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Presentation transcript:

(External & Internal Structures) PLANTS (External & Internal Structures) (Part 2)

Shoot system Root system leaf blade axillary bud petiole node vascular tissue shoot apical meristem terminal bud internode Shoot system vascular tissue root tip vascular tissue root hair root cap root apical meristem Root system dermal tissue ground tissue vascular tissue

The Stem

Morphology of a Dicot Stem

shoot apical meristem leaf scar node bundle scar internode lenticel

Magnified section of the shoot apical meristem Leaf primordium Young leaf Axillary bud

Meristematic region Enlargement region Protoderm Ground meristem epidermis cortex Ground meristem pith phloem Procambium vascular cambium xylem

Morphology of a Monocot Stem

Intercalary Meristem Occur only in monocot (particularly grass) stems at the base of nodes and leaf blades. Capable of cell division and allow for rapid growth and regrowth of many monocots. Leaf regrowth in grasses evolved in response to damage by grazing herbivores.

Cross section of a monocot stem

vascular bundle bundle sheath companion cell phloem sieve tube pitted vessel xylem annular vessel air space

Cross section of a dicot stem (herbaceous)

vascular bundle phloem fiber phloem parenchyma sieve tube companion cell vascular cambium tracheid vessel xylem parenchyma xylem fiber

Vascular bundle of a dicot stem phloem vascular cambium interfascicular cambium fascicular cambium xylem

Secondary Growth of Dicot Stems

Woody dicot stem Periderm Primary phloem Secondary phloem Secondary xylem Primary xylem pith

lenticels phellem phellogen phelloderm

Woody Dicot Stem

Bark Sapwood Annual rings Heartwood

Modified Roots

For Support Twines Tendrils Morning Glory (Ipomea sp.) Squash (Cucurbita sp.) Twines Tendrils

Clinging roots at the nodes For Support Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea sp.) Hydrangea (Hydrangea petiolaris) Scramblers (Hooks) Clinging roots at the nodes

Phylloclades – green, flattened, thin, leaf-like structures For Photosynthesis Stick plant (Euphorbia tirucalli) Mimosa (Acacia cyanophylla) Green stem Phylloclades – green, flattened, thin, leaf-like structures

Enlarged, thickened of fleshy subterranean stem For Storage For Protection Onion (Allium cepa) Rose (Rosa sp.) Enlarged, thickened of fleshy subterranean stem Thorns

For Reproduction stolons runners Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) Strawberry (Fragania sp.) stolons runners

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