The Basis of Cellular Inheritance Chapter 9. Vocabulary Clarification.

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Presentation transcript:

The Basis of Cellular Inheritance Chapter 9

Vocabulary Clarification

Human Karyotype HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES: carry the same genetic info, one copy is from Mom and one copy is from Dad XX = Female XY = Male

Diploid vs. Haploid Diploid cells (2n) have 2 sets of chromosomes (somatic cells- almost all cells in the body) Haploid cells (n) have one set of chromosomes (gametes or sex cells)

The Cell Cycle

INTERPHASE Plant Cell

Phases of Mitosis: PROPHASE Plant Cell

Phases of Mitosis: METAPHASE Plant Cell

Phases of Mitosis: ANAPHASE Plant Cell

Phases of Mitosis: TELOPHASE Plant Cell Cell Plate

Regulating The Cell Cycle Cells complete the cell cycle at different paces; some cells don’t divide (ex: neurons, cardiac muscle) Special proteins direct the sequence of events and serve as “checkpoints” When this “control system” malfunctions, cells reproduce at the wrong time and place leading to tumors

Tumors and Cancer Benign Tumors (not cancer) A mass of normal cells Malignant Tumors Masses of cancer cells Cancer cells displace normal tissue, enter blood vessels, and can metastasize, or spread from their site of origin Combating cancer requires a deep understanding of the cell cycle

Cancer Treatment SURGERY Remove tumor from tissue RADIATION Expose dividing tumor cells to high-energy radiation to disrupt division CHEMOTHERAPY Use antimitotic drugs to prevent spindle formation or function SIDE EFFECTS Damage reproductive cell development (sterility) Damage intestinal cells (nausea) Damage hair follicle cells (hair loss)

Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction ASEXUAL Offspring inherit all their genetic information from ONE parent (genetic clones) Mitosis SEXUAL Genetic information from two parents combines to make offspring (genetically unique offspring) Meiosis

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

MITOSISMEIOSIS

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter Cells

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells One Division

MITOSISMEIOSIS Growth, repair, asexual reproduction Formation of gametes, sexual reproduction 2 daughter cells genetically identical to parent 4 daughter cells genetically unique from each other and parent Diploid Daughter CellsHaploid Daughter Cells One DivisionTwo Divisions

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