Change is Inevitable Evidence of Evolution
Evolution Defined as: Change over time Geological Biological Chucky D. in 1854 Defined as: Change over time Geological Earth Science Biological Living things
Fossil Evidence Extinct: No longer found anywhere (alive) Mastodon giganteus Extant: Living specimens still found Trichodops kerhonsonensis
Types of fossils Molds and casts Dents in the mud; some get filled in Probably T. rex Rhamphorhynchus Dents in the mud; some get filled in
Types of fossils Petrification – literally means “turn to stone” A mineral facsimile
Types of fossils Amber, Ice and Peat bogs Oligochlora semirugosa Contain actual material from the organisms
Putting the fossils in order: Relative dating “Older/younger than” Law of superposition: Oldest fossils below newer ones. Correlation: Using mineral characteristics of rock layers that are no longer connected Index fossils: Fossils of a known time of existence to compare with unknown fossils
Putting the fossils in order: Absolute dating How many years old Radiodating: Carbon-14 breaks down at a known rate.
Evidence From Living Things Comparative anatomy: looking at the structure of different organisms for differences and similarities of form and function
Evidence From Living Things Comparative Embryology: Similarities/differences during development
Evidence From Living Things Comparative Biochemistry: Similarities/differences in chemical structures i.e. DNA, proteins, etc.,
Comparative Anatomy Homologous structures Similar internal structure and development Different external appearance and use Show a STRONG evolutionary relationship (recent common ancestor) Homologous structures
Comparative Anatomy Analogous structures Different internal structure and development Similar external appearance and use Show a WEAK evolutionary relationship (more distant common ancestor)
Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structures A type of homologous structure The “use” of the structure has changed so much it no longer has one. Also show a STRONG evolutionary relationship (recent common ancestor)