 Windows 8 emerged in 2012  Windows XP losed support from Microsoft since Apr.8 th,2014. Operating Systems

Networks

 URL protocol hostname top-level domain name 2nd-level domain name 3rd-level domain name

 ping  -> DNS

 IPv6:128 bits,2^128≈10^40  IPv4:32bits, 2^32≈10^10  World population:7,000,000,000~10^10  So, IPv4 is about to be used up.Hence IPv6 needed. IPv6

Fields of applications include:  waste management( 废物管理 )  urban planning( 城市规划 )  environmental sensing( 环境感测 )  social interaction gadgets( 社交小工具 )  sustainable urban environment( 可持续的城市环境 )  continuous care( 连续护理 )  emergency response( 应急响应 )  intelligent shopping( 智能购物 )  smart product management( 智能产品管理 )  smart meters( 智能电表 )  home automation and smart events( 家庭自动化和智能活动 ) Internet of Things

Thank you!