Developmental Sequence Cephalo-caudal – Growth proceeds from head to footGrowth proceeds from head to foot Control hands before feetControl hands before feet Think before acting Gets teeth before he walks

Proximal distal – Growth proceeds from near to farGrowth proceeds from near to far Moves whole body, then arms, then hands & feetMoves whole body, then arms, then hands & feet

Simple to complex – Talks, reads, writesTalks, reads, writes Lifts head, sits up, creep, crawl, walk, runLifts head, sits up, creep, crawl, walk, run

Weight ☺ Weight gain is a good indicator of health! ☺ 1-6 mo..………………..2 lb./mo. ☺ 7-12 mo. ……………....1 lb./mo. ☺ At 1 year, baby’s TRIPLED in weight ☺ Now weighs from lbs.

Height ►G►G►G►Growth is steady ►A►A►A►At 1 year, baby is 30 inches long! ((((added 50%)

Proportion ► Head & tummy are very large  (Top heavy) ► Legs & arms are very short ► No neck ► No neck

Sight ► At birth, eyes are uncoordinated with no tears ► Sees best at 12 inches & in black & white contrast ► At 3 mo., can see almost as good as an adult

Depth Perception ►A►A►A►At birth, baby sees things as flat ►B►B►B►By 3 mo., prefer 3- dimensional view

Hearing ► Develops BEFORE birth ► Should have hearing test at 6 mo. ► They respond to soothing tones to calm down ► Loud angry tones scare them

Smell & Taste ► The least developed senses ► Develops rapidly after birth ► Sense of taste develops rapidly ► Food likes & dislikes develop as it improves

Voice ► Cry becomes shrill ► Teeth are necessary for some sounds (f, s & th) sounds (f, s & th)

Teeth ► Begin to develop during pregnancy ► “Baby” teeth come in at about 6 mo. ► “Teething” can be painful; baby may be “cranky” ► Coughing diarrhea, constipation, vomiting or fever ► Lasts 2 years for a total of 20 teeth

Handling ► Take great care; one hand under toosh, one under shoulders & head ► ALWAYS SUPPORT THE HEAD ► Shaking, jiggling, or tossing a child under 2 creates a great risk of severe bleeding of the brain & may cause brain damage or death!!!

Types of Development ► Physical development  Gross motor skills – use of large muscles ► Running, jumping, climbing, etc.  Fine motor skills – use of small muscles ► Coloring, using fork and knife, etc.

► Intellectual development  Cognitive development – ► mental processes through which we think, learn, and communicate

► Emotional development – involves understanding and responding to our surroundings involves understanding and responding to our surroundings  Smile, cry, laugh, fear, sadness, anger

► Social Development – Understanding others and learning how to interact Understanding others and learning how to interact  “Play is a child’s work”

► Moral Development  knowing right from wrong

Looking Ahead ► First Month  Turns head to clear nose from bed  Keeps hands fisted or slightly open  Few expressions when awake

► Second month  Holds head up while on tummy  Holds objects with hand  Smiles and coos

► Third month  Sits when supported  Turns head to sounds  Reaches for objects w/ both hands

► Fourth month  Rolls from side to side  Babbles and laughs  Clasps fingers and hands in play

► Fifth month  Rolls from front to back  May sit supported  Understands own name

► Sixth month  Transfer toy from one hand to next  Creeps – (army crawl) on tummy (army crawl) on tummy  Stands with support

► Seventh month  Pushes up on hands and knees  Sits w/ little support  May say “mama” and “dada”

► Eighth month  Crawls  Stands leaning against something  Mimics sounds

► Ninth month  May crawl up stairs  Feed self  May understand and respond to some respond to some words words

► Tenth month  Stands w/ little support  Repeats some words  Object permanence “hide and seek”

► Eleventh month  Stands alone – squats and stoops  Mimics some words

► Twelfth month  Walks  Points with finger

Feeding a Baby ► Cuddle & use soft words ► Schedule will be unpredictable at birth ► They need as much as they want, when they want it ► 6-8 times in 24hrs. ► By 1 year old, 3 meals a day with snacks

…more feeding tips… ► ALWAYS hold baby; never prop a bottle ► No closeness & causes ear infections ► NEVER put to sleep with bottle; causes tooth decay

Introducing New Foods ► Choose a happy time ► Parent’s attitude influences child’s acceptance ► Usually cereal first

Introducing new foods cont… ► Weaning-changing from bottle or breast to a cup ► Self-feeding 8-10 mo. old ► “finger foods”  Toast or crackers ► Avoid raw veggies, nuts, candy or anything round  These cause choking

Other Concerns ► Overfeeding-eating habits established early ► Avoid overeating & sweets ► Malnutrition- not enough food or the proper type ► DO NOT use low-fat or skim milk with children!!! with children!!!

WIC WIC ► Women, Infants, & Children ► A federal grant program for supplementing nutritional needs ► Provides eggs, cheese, peanut butter, milk, etc.

Tub Baths ► Use a special tub ► Hold with head resting in left elbow, hand gripping left armpit ► NEVER, NEVER leave alone, even for a second!!!

Dressing ► Baby doesn’t need to be warmer  Their hands & feet usually feel cooler because of poor circulation

Baby Care Items ► Feeding your infant ► Other baby care skills  Sponge Bath  Tub Bath  Diapering  Massaging

► Older babies  When crawling, overalls, long pants, and padded knees ► The newborn  Handle them sweetly

Choosing Clothing ► Comfort & Ease ► Generous hems, extra buttons, waistbands that expand ► Simple styles ► Knit fabrics ► Buy by age & weight

Washing Clothes ► Use special laundry sanitizer ► HOT water & MILD soap ► Always wash separately

Diapering ► Cloth = least $ ► Disposable = most convenient  Environmental problem ► 8-10 changes daily  supplies ready ahead of time of time  Extra thick in back for girls & front for boys

Diaper Rash ►R►R►R►Red, rough irritated skin from Bacteria ►C►C►C►Change frequently & clean thoroughly ►E►E►E►Expose to air, avoid plastic pants, see a Dr.

Sleep ► Necessary for growth and development ► Need decreases during 1 st year ► Newborn = 12 hours/day

Preparation for Sleep ► Wash & change ► Rocking or lullabies ► Calm, unhurried ► Covering, no draft

Problems with Sleep ► Cry or rock on crib  Try to ignore ► Check prolonged crying