1 BUILDING JAVA PROGRAMS CHAPTER 3 THE STRING CLASS

2 THE EQUALS METHOD Strings and Objects are compared using a method named equals. Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("What is your name? "); String name = console.next(); if (name.equals("Barney")) { System.out.println("I love you, you love me,"); System.out.println("We're a happy family!"); }

3 INDEXES Characters of a string are numbered with 0-based indexes: String name = "R. Kelly"; First character's index : 0 Last character's index : 1 less than the string's length The individual characters are values of type char (seen later) index character R. Kelly

4 STRING METHODS These methods are called using the dot notation: String gangsta = "Dr. Dre"; System.out.println(gangsta.length()); // 7 Method nameDescription str1.indexOf( str2 ) index where the start of str2 appears in str1 (-1 if not found) str1.length() number of characters in this string str1.substring( index1, index2 ) or str1.substring( index1 ) the characters in this string from index1 (inclusive) to index2 (exclusive); if index2 is omitted, grabs till end of string str1.toLowerCase() a new string with all lowercase letters str1.toUpperCase() a new string with all uppercase letters

5 STRING METHOD EXAMPLES // index String s1 = "Stuart Reges"; String s2 = "Marty Stepp"; System.out.println(s1.length()); // 12 System.out.println(s1.indexOf("e")); // 8 System.out.println(s1.substring(7, 10)); // "Reg" String s3 = s2.substring(1, 7); System.out.println(s3.toLowerCase()); // "arty s" Given the following string: // index String book = "Building Java Programs"; How would you extract the word "Java" ?

6 MODIFYING STRINGS Methods like substring and toLowerCase build and return a new string, rather than modifying the current string. String s = "lil bow wow"; s.toUpperCase(); System.out.println(s); // lil bow wow To modify a variable's value, you must reassign it: String s = "lil bow wow"; s = s.toUpperCase(); System.out.println(s); // LIL BOW WOW An object that can never be modified after creation is called an immutable object. Strings are immutable.

7 STRING TEST METHODS MethodDescription str1.equals( str2 ) whether two strings contain the same characters str1. equalsIgnoreCase( str2 ) whether two strings contain the same characters, ignoring upper vs. lower case str1.startsWith( str2 ) whether str1 contains str2's characters at start str1.endsWith( str2 ) whether str1 contains str2's characters at end str1.contains( str2 ) whether str1 contains str2’s characters anywhere

8 TRY THIS Write a method that accepts a string parameter, and returns the string in reverse order. Example: reverse(“Good day”) should return “yad dooG“

9 SCANNER For most objects (including Scanner objects), we create a new instance with the new keyword: TypeName myInstance = new TypeName(any, parameters); For a Scanner, it looks like this: Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in);

10 A BIT MORE MAGIC: IMPORT There’s one other thing we have to do before we can start using our Scanner. We have to tell Java where it can find it! We do this with one more magic Java keyword, import, at the top of the Java source code file: import java.util.*;

11 SCANNER What will this output? I don’t know! It depends on what you type at runtime! import java.util.*; public class MyInteractiveProgram { public static void main(String[] args) { Scanner console = new Scanner(System.in); System.out.print("Type something: "); String word = console.next(); System.out.print("The first word was: " + word); }

12 LET’S TRY IT! What is the radius? 3 A circle with radius 3.0 has circumference A circle with radius 3.0 has area A sphere with radius 3.0 has volume