Kunihito IOKA (Osaka Univ.) 1.Observation 2.Fireball 3.Internal shock 4.Afterglow 5.Jet 6.Central engine 7.Links with other fields 8.Luminosity-lag 9.X-ray.

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Presentation transcript:

Kunihito IOKA (Osaka Univ.) 1.Observation 2.Fireball 3.Internal shock 4.Afterglow 5.Jet 6.Central engine 7.Links with other fields 8.Luminosity-lag 9.X-ray flash 10.Summary

1. Observation Gamma-Ray Burst Brightest object Vela satellites in 1967 Origin has been a puzzle

～ 1000 events/yr Angular distribution Isotropic

Spatial distribution Homogeneous in Euclidean Inhomogeneous

Duration Long-soft Short-hard Long burst Short burst

Spectrum Band spectrum Non-thermal

Afterglow Beppo-SAX in 1997 X-ray Radio

Optical → Redshift Redshift

Luminosity Time GRB Summary of observation ～ 1000 events/yr Isotropic, Inhomogeneous ～ 200 keV s ～ 10 3 s : short, long Afterglow X-ray Optical Radio Redshift >msec

2. Fireball Compactness problem Relativistic motion MeV  MeV

Fireball +Baryon Thermal

ＣｅｎｔｒａｌｅｎｇｉｎｅＯｐｔｉｃａｌｌｙｔｈｉｃｋｒｅｇｉｏｎＩｎｔｅｒｎａｌｓｈｏｃｋｓＥｘｔｅｒｎａｌｓｈｏｃｋｓ？ＩＳＭ Internal-External shock model time Luminosity

3. Internal shock Two shell collision Kobayashi,Piran&Sari(97) Many shell

Time scale Pulse width Pulse interval Nakar&Piran(02)

4. Afterglow External shock Hydrodynamics

① Electron Fermi acceleration ② Magnetic field Relativistic shock Jump condition Electron synchrotron emission

Spectrum

Collapsar, Hypernova

ｒｅｖｅｒｓｅｓｈｏｃｋｆｏｒｗａｒｄｓｈｏｃｋ Shock emission Optical flash

5. Jet Jet & Relativistic beaming ・ Relativistic beaming ・ Jet Jet in afterglow ：ｓｉｄｅｗａｙｓｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎ Energy, Event rate, Model

Total Break in afterglowPolarization A few %

Total energy

6. Central engine ① Ｃｏｌｌａｐｓｅｏｆｍａｓｓｉｖｅｓｔａｒ ② Ｍｅｒｇｅｒｓｏｆｃｏｍｐａｃｔｏｂｊｅｃｔｓ・Ｂａｒｙｏｎｆｒｅｅ・Ｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎｗｉｔｈｉｎｈｏｓｔｇａｌａｘｉｅｓ・ＧＲＢ - Ｓｕｐｅｒｎｏｖａ（ｅ. ｇ. ，ＳＮ１９９８ｂｗ）？Ｈｉｇｈａｍｂｉｅｎｔｇａｓｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ？？ Collapsar, Hypernova

Host galaxy

SN1998bw-GRB Lightcurve Fe line

7. Links with other fields CR, HE, HE  Cosmology

8. Luminosity-lag  XX ＬｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙＴｉｍｅ・Ｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｃａｎｄｌｅ？・ＢｒｉｇｈｔｅｒｔｈａｎＳＮｅ Ia ・Ｌｅｓｓｅｘｔｉｎｃｔｉｏｎ ApJ,554,L163(01)

Viewing angle of a single jet ？？？ ⇒Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙ - ｌａｇｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ？

Thin jet Ｅｍｉｓｓｉｖｉｔｙ～ＢａｎｄｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍＳｐｅｃｔｒｕｍ

Luminosity-Lag Relation Lag:

Pulse profile Luminosity-width ＦＲＥＤ（ＦａｓｔＲｉｓｅＥｘｐｏｎｅｎｔｉａｌＤｅｃａｙ）

Viewing angle ① Ｐｅａｋｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙ - ｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｌａｇｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ② Ｐｅａｋｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙ - ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ ③ Ｌｕｍｉｎｏｓｉｔｙ - ｗｉｄｔｈｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎ GRB ＡｔｙｐｉｃａｌＧＲＢ ⇒ＡｓｓｏｃｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＧＲＢｓｗｉｔｈＳＮｅ

9. X-ray flash

Off-axis GRB

Flux/Fluence Ratio ApJ,571,L31(02)

VolumeViewing angle

10. Summary GRB : Internal shock Afterglow : External shock Jet Viewing angle Various relations, X-ray flash Central engine ??? Collapsar? Merger? CR, HE, HE , GW, Cosmology