Three Governments. #1 Second Continental Congress 1775 - 1781 Declared independence Managed the revolution Developed the Articles of Confederation.

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Three Governments

#1 Second Continental Congress Declared independence Managed the revolution Developed the Articles of Confederation

Three Governments #2 Articles of Confederation I.Characteristics A.Unicameral legislature B.No president, no courts C.Limited powers D.¾ vote to pass legislation E.Unanimous vote to amend

Three Governments #2 Articles of Confederation II.Problems A.Weak national government B.Conflict amongst the states C.Unable to pay debt D.Shay’s rebellion

Three Governments #2 Articles of Confederation III.Achievements A.Western lands policy B.Peace treaty with England

Three Governments #3 U.S. Constitution Present

Three Governments Constitutional Convention

Three Governments Attendees At Second Continental Congress, but not at Constitutional Convention: Thomas Jefferson (France) John Adams (England) Sam Adams (drunk) Patrick Henry (refused) John Hancock (governor) At Constitutional Convention, but not at Second Continental Congress: George Washington (revolution) Alexander Hamilton (revolution) James Madison (Virginia) At both: Benjamin Franklin

Three Governments Disagreements Representation Economics and Slavery

Three Governments

Compromises Representation Connecticut Compromise Two houses: lower house – representation by population upper house – equal representation by state

Three Governments Compromises Slavery Northern states concede to count slaves as three-fifths of a person for representation Northern states agree to not end slave trade for 20 years Southern states concede to majority vote, rather than 2/3 Southern states concede to count slaves as three-fifths of a person for purposes of taxation

Three Governments Ratification I.Immediate division over the new constitution II.Federalists v. Anti-federalists III.Federalists A.Federalist Papers – 85 essays defending the new constitution B.Hamilton, Madison, John Jay IV.Anti-Federalists A.National government v. states B.Bill of Rights