Before Next Meeting (Monday) Readings: –Henretta, pp –Rakove, pp (pp this week) –Critical Thinking Module: “To Form a More Perfect Union”—review and be prepared to discuss on-line source concerns/approaches –Be prepared to discuss any “voices” from this week not addressed today (see syllabus listing for week 6)

Outline for Wednesday 31 October 2007: Resisting Reform: Revolutionary Rhetoric and Counter- revolutionary Actions 1. Review and Context: How did religious and political leaders respond to challenges to their authority in the 1700s? a.The Great Awakening and the challenge to established authority b.Social Paranoia and Traditions of Violence in Colonial America 2. Origins, Experience, and Outcome of the French & Indian War 3. Implications of the Paris Peace of The Urban Crucible and Revolutionary Agitation

Week #6 Readings: Henretta, pp ; Rakove, pp. Discussion Themes: 1.How did people in the British colonies experience the war of , and how did that experience affect their perceptions of British authority after 1763? 2.How did American perceptions of British goals compare with the priorities of British authorities during the same period? 3.How did North Americans respond to British efforts to reform the imperial system after 1763? 4.What were the alleged goals of the British reforms, from the British perspective? How did the patriots and loyalists differ in their perceptions of those goals and why? Voices: Samuel Adams (Boston, ca. 1760s), Francis Smith (Boston, ca. 1775), Continental Congress (ca ), House of Representatives (Mass., 1765), Martin Howard, Jr. (Halifax, 1765), John Adams (Boston, 1766)

The Century of Imperial Wars King William’s War ( ; War of the League of Augsburg—Britain vs France, Spain, Austria) Queen Anne’s War ( ; War of the Spanish Succession—Britain vs France and Spain) War of Jenkins’s Ear ( ; English seek markets in Spanish America—Walpole’s policy of trade expansion) King George’s War ( ; Capture & return of Louisbourg) French and Indian War (Seven Years War, ) American Revolution ( )

Theaters of War, Frontier Forts 2.Privateering 3.Urban seaports 4.Kidnapping and raiding parties 5.Runaways and rebellions 6.Casualty rates and War widows 7.Land bounty warrants

How did Real and Rumored Slave Rebellions affect colonial society, s? Social Paranoia and Traditions of Violence in Colonial America –What is the relation between the Great Awakening and culture of wars? –What is the relation between the Great Awakening and Slave Rebellion scares? Why is upstate NY known as the “burned over” district?

Landscapes of the Great Awakening

Flashpoints of Conflict: 1.Inter-colonial rivalries 2.Inter-imperial conflicts 3.Inter-generational crises a.Land pressures b.Urbanization vs model communities 4.Inter-ethnic conflicts 5.Class resentments 6.Inter-racial tensions 7.Economic growth

Impact of the War on North American colonies: British American Economy after the Treaty of Urecht, 1713

British American Economy after the Treaty of Paris, 1763

Origins of French and Indian War: 1.Treaty of Logstown, 1748, & English alliances in Ohio Valley 2.French Governor Duquesne’s Fort Strategy, Virginia Governor Dinwiddie’s Ohio Company, George Washington’s reconnaissance, “Fort Necessity”—3-4 July 1754 (Washington’s confession of July 4, 1754) 6.Edward Braddock’s 1755 campaign (early 1755 to July 8)

French successes: 1.The Marquis de Vaudreuil’s North America Strategy, Alliances and mobility vs forts 3.Economy of force strategy 4.Fort Louisbourg and Imperial commerce 5.Spanish role

French Failure, : 1.Imperial strategy and Louis Joseph Montcalm’s Fortress Quebec 2.French regulars & concentrated forces 3.Imperial treasury and reductions of alliance payments 4.William Pitt’s restructuring after Montreal Surrender

British Imperial Concerns after Treaty of Paris, 1763

Postwar Military outposts in British North America: 1.Where are military outposts concentrated? 2.How do troop placements affect colonial economies? 3.How do troop withdrawals or re- location affect colonial economies? 4.How do Indian allies respond to British authority?

Imperial Pretensions in North America after the Treaty of Paris, 1763

Managing Occupation: 1.Proclamation Line of 1763 a.Citizens of New France b.Indian allies c.Colonial veterans d.Colonial investors 2.Colony of Quebec a.Provincial authority b.Mercantilist goals c.Rights and authority d.Indian relations 3.Quebec Act, 1774

Military outposts in British North America on the eve of the Quebec Act 1.Where are troops located & why? 2.What are the apparent priorities of the British in this structure? 3.How does the location of troops affect economic development? a.Implications for political development? b.Implications for local friction? 4.Where does revolutionary violence emerge? 5.Where is British authority most secure? 6.How does troop placement in Quebec compare with New England?

The Urban Crucible: Flashpoint for Revolutionary Violence? 1.Economic and demographic legacies of a century of war 2.Social Paranoia and legacies of fear and loathing a.Slave rebellion scares b.Class resentments c.Poverty, servitude, and slavery d.Frequent unemployment and underemployment 3.Urban life in an era of Urban growth and Rural majority a.Social norms of morality and virtue? b.Expectations of governance and order? c.Hopes for opportunity and mobility (geographic or social?)

Document analysis: 1.Samuel Adams on the Stamp Act, 1765 (p. 144) 2.Francis Smith on Lexington and Concord, 1775 (p. 159) 3.“To Form a More Perfect Union” Broadside collection,

Before Next Meeting (Monday) Readings: –Henretta, pp –Rakove, pp (pp this week) –Critical Thinking Module: “To Form a More Perfect Union”—review and be prepared to discuss on-line source concerns/approaches –Be prepared to discuss any “voices” from this week not addressed today (see syllabus listing for week 6)