The Skeletal System Support Systems Unit 2 Support Systems Unit 2

The Basic Functions of the Skeletal System Hematopoiesis Structure Support Muscle Attachment and Movement Mineral Storage Hematopoiesis Structure Support Muscle Attachment and Movement Mineral Storage

Types of Bones Long Bones Examples: Humerus, Femur Short Bones Examples: Carpals and Tarsals Flat Bones Examples: Sternum, Ribs, Scapulas, Cranial bones Irregular Bones Examples: Facial bones, Vertebrae Wormian Bones (sutural) Sesamoid Bones Example: Patella Long Bones Examples: Humerus, Femur Short Bones Examples: Carpals and Tarsals Flat Bones Examples: Sternum, Ribs, Scapulas, Cranial bones Irregular Bones Examples: Facial bones, Vertebrae Wormian Bones (sutural) Sesamoid Bones Example: Patella

Bones of the Cranium Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Maxillae Mandible Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Maxillae Mandible

Frontal Bone Forms the forehead Forms the roof of the eye sockets Forms the forehead Forms the roof of the eye sockets

Parietal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity Consists of two bones Forms the sides and roof of the cranial cavity

Temporal Bones Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor Consists of two bones Forms the lower sides of the cranium and part of the cranial floor

Occipital Bone The base of the cranial cavity Prominent posterior portion The base of the cranial cavity Prominent posterior portion

Maxillae The upper jaw

Mandible Lower jaw bone

The Vertebral Column Composed of 33 bones Encloses and protects the spinal cord Supports the head Composed of 33 bones Encloses and protects the spinal cord Supports the head

Bones of the Vertebral Column Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones Cervical Vertebrae—7 bones located in the neck Thoracic Vertebrae—12 bones connected to the ribs Lumbar Vertebrae—5 bones in the lower back Sacral Vertebrae—5 pelvic bones Coccygeal Vertebrae—4 tailbones

Bones of the Thoracic Cavity Sternum Xiphoid Process Ribs Sternum Xiphoid Process Ribs

Bones of the Upper Extremities Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Scapula Clavicle Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Scapula Clavicle

Bones of the Pelvis Ilium Ischium Pubis Ilium Ischium Pubis

Bones of the Lower Extremities Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Joints The points of contact between bones –Hinge Joints –Gliding Joints –Ball and Socket Joints The points of contact between bones –Hinge Joints –Gliding Joints –Ball and Socket Joints

Hinge Joints Allows for extension and retraction of an appendage

Gliding Joints Bones slide past each other

Ball and Socket Joints Allows for rotational movement in almost any direction

Disease and Disorders Fractures Scoliosis Osteoarthritis Fractures Scoliosis Osteoarthritis

Fractures Types of fractures –Closed or simple fracture The bone is broken and the skin is intact –Open or compound fracture The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone Types of fractures –Closed or simple fracture The bone is broken and the skin is intact –Open or compound fracture The bone is broken and the skin is cut by the bone

Scoliosis Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Osteoarthritis Arthritis that is caused by the breakdown and loss of cartilage in the joints

Careers Radiologist Radiology Technician Chiropractor Physical Therapist Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy Aide Radiologist Radiology Technician Chiropractor Physical Therapist Physical Therapy Assistant Physical Therapy Aide