Music Theory Amanda Dyah Pitaloka / 9.1

Musical Period Medieval Period - from about 800 to 1400 AD Renaissance Period - from 1400 to 1600 AD Baroque Period - from 1600 to 1750 AD Classical Period - from 1750 to 1820 AD Romantic period - from 1820 to 1950 Twentieth Century

Medieval Period 800 – 1400 AD

Information The Medieval Era is the longest and most remote period of musical history It is important to note that this musical era consists of almost a thousand years worth of music For most of the middle ages, the Church was the focal point of social life, learning, and the arts. Saint Gregory, who was pope from C.E., is said to have organized a huge repetoire of chants that developed during the first centuries of the Christian church. Thus the term of "Gregorian Chant" came about.

Renaissance Period 1400 – 1600 AD

Information This period in time marked the rebirth of humanism, and the revival of cultural achievements for their own sake in all forms of art, including music The word "Renaissance" in itself is defined as a "rebirth” or a "reconstruction". The distinctive musical sounds of the Renaissance era were comprised of a smooth, imitative, style, as seen in the music of Byrd, Palestrina, and Lassus Renaissance polyphony was harmonious when compared with the Medieval style

Baroque Period AD

Information The term Baroque was derived from a Portuguese word meaning "a pearl of irregular shape." The word Baroque was initially used to imply strangeness, abnormality and extravagance, applying more to art than music. The music of this time period was characterized by rich countepoint and a highly decorated melodic line. Baroque music broke away from the harshness of the Medieval and early Renaissance style with new emphasis on the use of vocal and instrumental color. It is also important to note that opera and the orchestra were both conceived during the Baroque era as well. during the Baroque period composers began exploring music's ability to express the human spirirt and to depict natural phenomena

Classical Period AD

Information Classical music placed a greater stress on clarity with regard to melodic expression and instrumental color The classical style was dominated by homophony which consisted of a single melodic line and an accompaniment The most important of these forms was the sonata which was instrumental music The melodies of the Classical era were more compact and diatonic. Harmony was less structured. It used the tonic, dominant, and subdominant chords. In addition, during this period, diatonic harmony was more common then chromatic

Romantic Music Era

Information The Romantic era was a period of great change and emancipation While the Classical era had strict laws of balance and restraint, the Romantic era moved away from that by allowing artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity The music of this time period was very expressive, and melody became the dominant feature. Composers even used this expressive means to display nationalism This became a driving force in the late Romantic period, as composers used elements of folk music to express their cultural identity. As in any time of change, new musical techniques came about to fit in with the current trends. Composers began to experiment with length of compositions, new harmonies, and tonal relationships Additionally, there was the increased use of dissonance and extended use of chromaticism

Another important feature of Romantic music was the use of color. While new instruments were constantly being added to the orchestra, composers also tried to get new or different sounds out of the instruments already in use. During the Romantic period, the virtuoso began to be focused Exceptionally gifted performers - pianists, violinists, and singers became enormously popular

Composers on Romantic Music Era

Johannes Brahms (1833 – 1897) Frederic Chopin ( ) Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy ( ) Giacomo Puccini ( ) Franz Schubert ( ) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ) Guiseppi Verdi ( )

Which composer that I will choose?

Romantic Era Composer Frederic Chopin

He was born on March 1 st, 1810 but in the birth certificate he was born at February 22 nd, 1810 He was born at Zelazowa Wola, Poland He was the second of 4 children His father name was Nicholas Chopin His mother name was Justina Young Chopin had an artistic talents such as:  He was an artist  He wrote poetry  He played piano without any formal instructions

He studied music from the age of 6 By the time he-was seven, he had begun his career as a concert pianist and had his first piece published His first trip abroad was to Vienna, where he gave two successful concerts Although only 20, he was already an accomplished pianist noted for his sensitive playing and imaginative improvisations. He had also composed two of his largest works, both piano concertos. Arriving in Paris in 1831 Chopin quickly made influential friends, but success was slower to come his way. Although a gifted musician, he was not a natural performer: his introverted nature did not appeal in the concert hall and his first appearance was coolly received.

On October 17, 1849, tuberculosis ended the life of a young genius. Chopin passed away at the age of 39 Thousands joined together to attend his funeral and to pay him homage. His funeral was held at the Church of the Madeleine, and he was buried at the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris

Chopin Works

Piano Concerto No.1 in E Minor, Op.11 Piano Concerto No.2 in F Minor, Op.21 Polonaise in C-sharp minor No.1 Op.26 Polonaise in E-flat minor No.2 Op.26 Polonaise Op.71 No.3 Polonaise in A major no.1 op.40 ”Military” Polonaise in C minor No.2 Op.40 Polonaise in F sharp minor Op.44 Grande Polonaise op.22 Polonaise no.6 in As major op.53 ”Heroic” Polonaise-Fantaisie Mazurka in D Major Op.33 No.2 Mazurka op.7 no.3 in F Preludes Nocturnes Waltzes Ballades Etudes Fantasie Op.49 Gallop Marquis Largo Marche Funebre Cantabile Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor, Op. 35 ("Funeral March") Piano Sonata No.3 in B minor, Op.58 Scherzo no.2 in B flat minor Op.31 Barcarolle op.60

Here is the link for on of Chopin’s music: Nocturne 2fa5e0daa376dc447cf6ae ee4

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