HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 1 Governor Franklin Roosevelt of New York won the presidential Election of 1932 with 23 million votes compared to Hoover’s 16 million votes (and majority in the electoral college). The Democrats also won both houses of Congress. So… What were the voters telling FDR?

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 2

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HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 4 Chapter 25 THE NEW DEAL Section 1: Restoring Hope Section 2: New Challenges Section 3: Life in the New Deal Era Section 4: The New Deal and the Arts

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 5 I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impel. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days. I am certain that my fellow Americans expect that on my induction into the Presidency I will address them with a candor and a decision which the present situation of our people impel. This is preeminently the time to speak the truth, the whole truth, frankly and boldly. Nor need we shrink from honestly facing conditions in our country today. This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper. So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself—nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance. In every dark hour of our national life a leadership of frankness and vigor has met with that understanding and support of the people themselves which is essential to victory. I am convinced that you will again give that support to leadership in these critical days.

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 6 Objectives: How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed? How did the New Deal provide relief for the unemployed? How did the New Deal promote industrial and agricultural recovery? How did the New Deal promote industrial and agricultural recovery? What were the New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley region? What were the New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley region? How did the Roosevelt administration address the concerns of African Americans and American Indians? How did the Roosevelt administration address the concerns of African Americans and American Indians? Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 7 The Three R’s of the New Deal The New Deal- Roosevelt’s experimental policies in combating the Depression- “Alphabet Soup” The New Deal- Roosevelt’s experimental policies in combating the Depression- “Alphabet Soup” Programs addressed the Three R’s Programs addressed the Three R’s Relief- immediate goal of addressing hunger and homelessness Relief- immediate goal of addressing hunger and homelessness Recovery-long term goal of getting the economy back on track Recovery-long term goal of getting the economy back on track Reform-changes in the government and economy to keep another depression from happening Reform-changes in the government and economy to keep another depression from happening How can this approach be compared to the response to a car accident- An analogy… How can this approach be compared to the response to a car accident- An analogy…

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 8 New Deal relief for the unemployed The FERA provided direct federal aid. The FERA provided direct federal aid. The CWA created jobs such as raking leaves and picking up litter. The CWA created jobs such as raking leaves and picking up litter. The CCC put young men to work in parks and forests. The CCC put young men to work in parks and forests. Provide wages to purchase necessities Provide wages to purchase necessities Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 9 New Deal contributions to industrial and agricultural recovery NIRA passed to stimulate business activity and reduce unemployment NIRA passed to stimulate business activity and reduce unemployment PWA initiated public works projects. PWA initiated public works projects. NRA encouraged businesses to draw up codes to regulate hours, prices, production levels, and wages. NRA encouraged businesses to draw up codes to regulate hours, prices, production levels, and wages. Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which paid farmers subsidies to grow fewer crops. Agricultural Adjustment Act created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which paid farmers subsidies to grow fewer crops. Get industry back on track- “Pump priming” Get industry back on track- “Pump priming” Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 10 The New Deal and Recovery and Reform of the American Financial System (Stock Market and Banking The collapse of the stock market and the resulting banking collapse caused the Great Depression The collapse of the stock market and the resulting banking collapse caused the Great Depression The New Deal aimed at reforming the stock market and banking though regulation and reform The New Deal aimed at reforming the stock market and banking though regulation and reform Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)- regulates and oversees stock market Security and Exchange Commission (SEC)- regulates and oversees stock market The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- regulates banks and insures depositors- restore confidence in banks The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)- regulates banks and insures depositors- restore confidence in banks

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 11 New Deal goals for the Tennessee Valley region Tennessee Valley- one of the poorest and least developed regions in the nation Tennessee Valley- one of the poorest and least developed regions in the nation provide flood control and combat soil erosion provide flood control and combat soil erosion provide electricity and improve the standard of living provide electricity and improve the standard of living combat malaria combat malaria combat illiteracy combat illiteracy provide recreational facilities provide recreational facilities Government jobs and the hope of future economic development Government jobs and the hope of future economic development Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 12 The New Deal and African Americans African Americans were appointed to government posts. African Americans were appointed to government posts. Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established. Federal Council on Negro Affairs was established. When the DAR refused to let Marian Anderson sing in their Washington, D.C. hall, Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership and arranged for Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial. Marian Anderson When the DAR refused to let Marian Anderson sing in their Washington, D.C. hall, Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership and arranged for Anderson to sing at the Lincoln Memorial. Marian Anderson Marian Anderson Marian Anderson Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 13 The New Deal and American Indians John Collier was appointed as commissioner of Indian Affairs. John Collier was appointed as commissioner of Indian Affairs. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was passed. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 was passed. Preserve tribal ownership of land Preserve tribal ownership of land Aid for college education Aid for college education Promote and preserve native culture Promote and preserve native culture Section 1: Restoring Hope

HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON The American Nation HOLT 14 Primary Source Detective Imagine it is 1933 (the first year of the Roosevelt Administration). You and your assigned partner are on the president’s personal staff. You have received the note you have in front of you. Imagine it is 1933 (the first year of the Roosevelt Administration). You and your assigned partner are on the president’s personal staff. You have received the note you have in front of you. What can you tell about the person who wrote it and the motive for sending it? Be specific by quoting the source. What can you tell about the person who wrote it and the motive for sending it? Be specific by quoting the source. What can you tell me about how the letter was received? What would you recommend happen as a result of the letter? What can you tell me about how the letter was received? What would you recommend happen as a result of the letter? Whose case is most urgent? Whose case is the American government best suited to solve? Why? Whose case is most urgent? Whose case is the American government best suited to solve? Why? What do these letters tell us about the time for which they were written? How might letters like this drive the New Deal. What do these letters tell us about the time for which they were written? How might letters like this drive the New Deal.