DYSLEXIA: Practical Solutions to Stable Problems of Dyslexic Students Through Thier Language Learning Process By NAFİ ÖZMENEK ÇAĞ UNIVERSITY-2007 MAY

SPECIAL THANKS TO..... EUL-Language Education Laboratory Assistants: EUL-Language Education Laboratory Assistants:  Mr. Melikşah Yılmaz & Ulaş Akgün Cemal Yıldırım ( Director ) Cemal Yıldırım ( Director ) MC Asil ( rapper) MC Asil ( rapper) DJ hass-E DJ hass-E

CONTENT SECTION 1 Definition Definition Causes Causes Symptoms Symptoms Types Types Pros Pros Famous Dyslexics Famous Dyslexics SECTION 2 Feeling the Way They Feel Feeling the Way They Feel Reading error Reading error Mirror activity Mirror activity SECTION 3 Practical solutions- model lesson Practical solutions- model lesson

WHAT IS DYSLEXIA? The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek; ‘dys’ ( poor or inadequate) and ‘lexis’ (words or language). The word dyslexia is derived from the Greek; ‘dys’ ( poor or inadequate) and ‘lexis’ (words or language). It is a learning disability characterized by problems in expressive or receptive, oral or written language. It is a learning disability characterized by problems in expressive or receptive, oral or written language.

Historical Background Dr. Kussmaul – stated a strange case about a man with normal intelligence but with reading deficiency (named as reading blindness) Dr. Kussmaul – stated a strange case about a man with normal intelligence but with reading deficiency (named as reading blindness) Dr. Berlin – (the word Dyslexia used for the first time) Dr. Berlin – (the word Dyslexia used for the first time) James Karr – Word Blindness James Karr – Word Blindness Dr. James Hinshelwood – Congenital Word Blindness Dr. James Hinshelwood – Congenital Word Blindness Dr. Samuel T. Orton (neuropathologist/psychiatrist)- developed Multisensory Teaching Method Dr. Samuel T. Orton (neuropathologist/psychiatrist)- developed Multisensory Teaching Method

CAUSES 1- Inherited Factors 2- Hearing Problems at an early age

1- Inherited Factors Some cells (ectopic cells) are inactive in the brain Some cells (ectopic cells) are inactive in the brain Magno-cellular part of the brain is smaller than the non-dyslexics Magno-cellular part of the brain is smaller than the non-dyslexics Unusual variation in left and right halves of the brain. Right halve is more active Unusual variation in left and right halves of the brain. Right halve is more active

2- Hearing Problems at an early age Frequent throat infections during childhood cause ‘glue ear’ or conductive learning loss’. Late diagnosis results with hearing impairment that phonetic awareness can not be developed Frequent throat infections during childhood cause ‘glue ear’ or conductive learning loss’. Late diagnosis results with hearing impairment that phonetic awareness can not be developed

SYMPTOMS GENERAL GENERAL poor concentration poor concentration Has difficulty following the instructions Has difficulty following the instructions Forgetful of words Forgetful of words

SYMPTOMS WRITTEN WORK WRITTEN WORK Messy work Messy work Confused letters (b-d/p-q) Confused letters (b-d/p-q) Poor handwriting Poor handwriting Misspelled words Misspelled words

SYMPTOMS READING READING Poor reading progress Poor reading progress Unusual pronunciation Unusual pronunciation Poor reading comprehension Poor reading comprehension Difficulty in reading texts aloud Difficulty in reading texts aloud Missing out words when reading Missing out words when reading Failing to recognize familiar words Failing to recognize familiar words Difficulty in picking out the important points Difficulty in picking out the important points

SYMPTOMS NUMERACY NUMERACY Confusion with numbers Confusion with numbers Problems in sequential orders (months/days/tables/alphabet) Problems in sequential orders (months/days/tables/alphabet)

SYMPTOMS TIME TIME Difficulty in learning to tell the time Difficulty in learning to tell the time Poor personal organization Poor personal organization Difficulty with concepts (yesterday/today/tomorrow) Difficulty with concepts (yesterday/today/tomorrow)

SYMPTOMS SKILLS SKILLS Poor motor skills Poor motor skills Limited understanding of non-verbal communication Limited understanding of non-verbal communication Confusion by the difference between left- right/up-down/east-west Confusion by the difference between left- right/up-down/east-west Performs unevenly from day to day Performs unevenly from day to day

SYMPTOMS BEHAVIOUR BEHAVIOUR Employs work avoidance tactics; sharpening pencils, looking for books Employs work avoidance tactics; sharpening pencils, looking for books Seem sto dream, does not seem to listen Seem sto dream, does not seem to listen Is easily distracted Is easily distracted Is the class clown Is the class clown Suffers from lack of concentration Suffers from lack of concentration

TYPES OF DYSLEXIA 1- Literal Dyslexia 2- Phonological Dyslexia 3- Neglect Dyslexia 4- Semantic Dyslexia 5- Spelling Dyslexia 6- Dyslexia with Dysgraphia 7- Dyslexia without Dysgraphia

1- Literal Dyslexia Failure in identifying letters, differentiating upper-lowercase letters

2- PHONOLOGICAL DYSLEXIA Failure in pronouncing letters and sounds with unfamiliar or complex words Failure in pronouncing letters and sounds with unfamiliar or complex words

3- NEGLECT DYSLEXIA Omitting some parts of the words Omitting some parts of the words

4- SEMANTIC DYSLEXIA Twisting the meaning of a word Twisting the meaning of a word Reading the word in the wrong way (due to confusion with the meaning of the word) Reading the word in the wrong way (due to confusion with the meaning of the word)

5- SPELLING DYSLEXIA Failure in identifying individual letters and reading words Failure in identifying individual letters and reading words

6- DYSLEXIA WITH DYSGRAPHIA Failure in Failure in writing words and letters writing words and letters understanding the meaning of words understanding the meaning of words combining the letter sounds combining the letter sounds pronunciation of the unfamiliar words pronunciation of the unfamiliar words (DEEP DYSLEXIA)

7- DYSLEXIA WITHOUT DYSGRAPHIA Failure in reading but not in writing Failure in reading but not in writing (PURE DYSLEXIA)

FAMOUS DYSLEXICS

Who do you think this letter was written by? This letter is written by a 19 year old boy!!!!!

Dear mother-started store several weeks i have growed coisiderably I dont look much like a Boy now Hows all the fold did you receive a Box of Books Memphis that he promised to send them languages-Your son Al Adapted from the book; Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Beve Hornsby

Thomas Alva Edison ( )

Who is he? He was born in 1879 He was born in 1879 He is arguably the greatest scientist of all time. He is arguably the greatest scientist of all time. He could not read until 9 He could not read until 9 He was a brilliant mathematician and physicist by 12 He was a brilliant mathematician and physicist by 12 He lost 2 teaching jobs because of his dyslexic difficulties He lost 2 teaching jobs because of his dyslexic difficulties

Albert Einstein

Who is he? He was born in 1840 He was born in 1840 His father once said ‘I have an idiot for a son!’ His father once said ‘I have an idiot for a son!’ His ubncle said he was ineducable His ubncle said he was ineducable He was the worst student at school He was the worst student at school He was given an honorary doctorate by Oxford University when he was sixty seven years old He was given an honorary doctorate by Oxford University when he was sixty seven years old He died in 1917 He died in 1917

Auguste Rodin (Famous French Sculptor)

Some other famous dyslexics are… Tom Cruise Tom Cruise Dustin Hoffman Dustin Hoffman Jack Nicolson Jack Nicolson Carl Lewis Carl Lewis Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin Leonardo Da Vinci Leonardo Da Vinci Cher Cher Mozart Mozart Steven Speilberg Steven Speilberg Henry Ford Henry Ford Steve McQueen Steve McQueen Anthony Hopkins Anthony Hopkins Winston Churchill Winston Churchill John F. Kennedy John F. Kennedy Walt Disney Walt Disney Beethoven Beethoven John Lennon John Lennon Louise Pasteur Louise Pasteur Hans Christian Anderson Hans Christian Anderson Agatha Christie Agatha Christie

Pros of being a dyslexic!! Curiosity Curiosity Willingness to ask questions Willingness to ask questions Ability to look at things differently (creative thinking) Ability to look at things differently (creative thinking) Good sense of humour Good sense of humour Lots of energy Lots of energy Lots of drive and ambition Lots of drive and ambition Ability to understand concepts Ability to understand concepts Willingness to work hard Willingness to work hard Good mechanical abilities Good mechanical abilities Good spatial abilities Good spatial abilities Good artistic abilities Good artistic abilities Good musical abilities Good musical abilities Ability to focus for a very long time ona task that interests them Ability to focus for a very long time ona task that interests them Ability to recognize patterns in a group of seemingly unrelated data Ability to recognize patterns in a group of seemingly unrelated data

Career List Actor Actor Architect Architect Baker botanist Baker botanist Carpenter Carpenter Chef Chef Clown Clown Computer software/hardware developer Computer software/hardware developer Costume designer Costume designer Veterinarian Veterinarian Writer Writer Detective Detective Inventor Inventor Graphic artist Graphic artist Lawyer Lawyer Musician Musician Painter Painter Photographer Photographer Physicist Physicist Surgeon Surgeon Tatoo artist Tatoo artist Teacher Teacher

ALTERNATIVE TEACHING TECHNIQUES Multisensory Method Multisensory Method has been known as the most popular and useful way of educating dyslexic children has been known as the most popular and useful way of educating dyslexic children It is based on guiding a dyslexic to use more than one of his/her senses It is based on guiding a dyslexic to use more than one of his/her senses VAKT VAKT  Visual  Auditory  Kinesthetic  Tactile

We hear, We forget We see, We remember We do, We understand

A Chinese Proverb Cited from Overcoming Dyslexia by Dr. Beve Hornsby

SECTION 2 FEELING THE WAY THEY FEEL

READING