Britain Leads The Way Chapter 19 Section 2

Vocab Terms to Look For Here are the Vocab Terms for this section you need to be on the lookout for: Here are the Vocab Terms for this section you need to be on the lookout for: Capital Capital Enterprise Enterprise Entrepreneur Entrepreneur Putting-Out-System Putting-Out-System Eli Whitney Eli Whitney Turnpike Turnpike Liverpool Liverpool Manchester Manchester

Why Britain? There are two factors we will inspect that might have given Britain an edge in leading the way: There are two factors we will inspect that might have given Britain an edge in leading the way: Abundant Natural Resources Abundant Natural Resources Demand for Capital Demand for Capital

Abundant Natural Resources Britain had several forms of natural resources that gave them an edge: Britain had several forms of natural resources that gave them an edge: Natural Ports and Navigable Rivers Natural Ports and Navigable Rivers Abundant Rivers for water power and canal construction Abundant Rivers for water power and canal construction Canals increased trade and accessibility to markets Canals increased trade and accessibility to markets Ease of communication Ease of communication The wealthy could easily travel around England due to its rivers and ports. The wealthy could easily travel around England due to its rivers and ports.

Other Resources Ample supplies of Coal Ample supplies of Coal Coal was critical to industry for several reasons: Coal was critical to industry for several reasons: Coal was key to power steam engines Coal was key to power steam engines Coal was needed to smelt iron Coal was needed to smelt iron Vast Supplies of Iron Vast Supplies of Iron Iron was also crucial: Iron was also crucial: Could be obtained much easier through the smelting process using coal Could be obtained much easier through the smelting process using coal Was needed to build steam engines and other new machines Was needed to build steam engines and other new machines

Effects and Demand of Capital Britain was loaded with skilled mechanics, a booming population, and crafty inventors. Britain was loaded with skilled mechanics, a booming population, and crafty inventors. These factors created a drive to build businesses, but one thing was missing…. These factors created a drive to build businesses, but one thing was missing…. Money Money

The Search for Investors From the 1600’s-1700’s many British merchants became quite wealthy from a continued spice trade and slave trade. From the 1600’s-1700’s many British merchants became quite wealthy from a continued spice trade and slave trade. Many wealthy British had extra money from earlier investments and were willing to make new investments. Many wealthy British had extra money from earlier investments and were willing to make new investments. The money they could invest is referred to as capital: The money they could invest is referred to as capital: Money used to invest in enterprises Money used to invest in enterprises Business organizations such as mining, railroads, or factories. Business organizations such as mining, railroads, or factories.

A New Accepted Class? For ages, the upper classes in Britain looked down on the merchants and other businessmen. For ages, the upper classes in Britain looked down on the merchants and other businessmen. However, when the businessmen started making a lot of money, they started to accept the wealth from these entrepreneurs: However, when the businessmen started making a lot of money, they started to accept the wealth from these entrepreneurs: Those who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting a new business Those who managed and assumed the financial risks of starting a new business

The Textile Industry Advances

An Industry Explodes The two industries that were the most effected by the industrial revolution was the cloth/textiles industry and the newly developed transportation industry. The two industries that were the most effected by the industrial revolution was the cloth/textiles industry and the newly developed transportation industry. Over the next few minutes we will look at both of these industries Over the next few minutes we will look at both of these industries

The Old Textile Industry A majority of all cotton cloth used in Britain had been imported from India. A majority of all cotton cloth used in Britain had been imported from India. Instead of driving to spend more money abroad, British merchants tried to organize a cloth industry at home, so they developed the putting out system: Instead of driving to spend more money abroad, British merchants tried to organize a cloth industry at home, so they developed the putting out system: Peasant families would take raw cotton, spin it into thread and then weave it into cloth in their own homes. Peasant families would take raw cotton, spin it into thread and then weave it into cloth in their own homes. They would send the cloth to skilled artisans in the towns to finish and dye the cloth They would send the cloth to skilled artisans in the towns to finish and dye the cloth This system was laborious and costly….if only we had machines….. This system was laborious and costly….if only we had machines…..

Several Key Inventions Change Production John Kay’s Flying Shuttle John Kay’s Flying Shuttle Infomercial: M&NR=1 Infomercial: M&NR=1 M&NR=1 M&NR=1 Historical Info: Historical Info: James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny &feature=related &feature=related &feature=related &feature=related

Eli’s Comin’

Why Should We Care?

The Challenge The greatest challenge facing the textile industry was turning raw cotton into something that could be processed at a fast rate. The greatest challenge facing the textile industry was turning raw cotton into something that could be processed at a fast rate. In the American South, raw cotton had to be cleaned of dirt and dust and have seeds removed. In the American South, raw cotton had to be cleaned of dirt and dust and have seeds removed. This lead to the invention of the cotton gin. This lead to the invention of the cotton gin.

The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney is the inventor of the cotton gin. Eli Whitney is the inventor of the cotton gin. The cotton gin separated seeds from cotton at a fast rate. The cotton gin separated seeds from cotton at a fast rate. This was invented in 1793 and revolutionized the industry. This was invented in 1793 and revolutionized the industry. This increased production exponentially. This increased production exponentially.

The Transportation Revolution

Why did it boom? The inventions discussed earlier clearly made factories and productions more efficient. The inventions discussed earlier clearly made factories and productions more efficient. The increase in production and spread of specialized labor pushed for demands in fast transportation of either raw goods or finished materials. The increase in production and spread of specialized labor pushed for demands in fast transportation of either raw goods or finished materials. Many capitalists invested in turnpikes Many capitalists invested in turnpikes Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a fee to use them Private roads built by entrepreneurs who charged travelers a fee to use them

The Canal Boom Factories needed coal and raw materials fast. Factories needed coal and raw materials fast. In 1763 the Bridgewater canal opened: In 1763 the Bridgewater canal opened: Connected factories to many sources of raw materials. Connected factories to many sources of raw materials. It made a boatload (pun intended) of money from tolls It made a boatload (pun intended) of money from tolls It cut the price of coal in half. It cut the price of coal in half. The success of one canal immediately meant that everyone wanted to open their own canal. The success of one canal immediately meant that everyone wanted to open their own canal. But…. But….

Canals Bust Not every canal had enough traffic to support them. Not every canal had enough traffic to support them. This lead to the bankruptcy of many capitalists/entrepreneurs. This lead to the bankruptcy of many capitalists/entrepreneurs. Beginning in the 1830’s the canals began to lose their importance. Beginning in the 1830’s the canals began to lose their importance. Why? Why?

Here’s Why

Come on Ride the Train The invention of the steam engine made the growth of the railroads possible. The invention of the steam engine made the growth of the railroads possible. The steam engine was adapted in the 1800’s by George Stephenson. The steam engine was adapted in the 1800’s by George Stephenson. The goal, pull carriages along iron rails. The goal, pull carriages along iron rails. People loved this because it did not need to follow a river, making the railroads much more versatile. People loved this because it did not need to follow a river, making the railroads much more versatile.

The First Railroad The first rail line that connected cities opened in The first rail line that connected cities opened in The first cities connected were Manchester and Liverpool The first cities connected were Manchester and Liverpool In the following decades the railroads boomed. In the following decades the railroads boomed. By 1870, railroads crisscrossed Britain, Europe and North America. By 1870, railroads crisscrossed Britain, Europe and North America.