Community health Nursing Community with Disaster)Crisis) Dr. Naiema Gaber

Intended learning outcomes  Define disaster  Enumerate the types of crisis  Discuss the effect of disasters on people, families and communities  Explain disaster management  Identify how Can Families, and communities work together to prepare for or recover from disasters

What is a disaster?  It is any human made or natural event that cause destruction and devastation which can not be relieved without assistance.  The event need not cause injury or death to be considered.

Types of disasters 1- Natural as earthquakes, volcanoes, fload 2- Man made as terrorism and war  Disaster can affect one family at a time as in house fire or they can kill thousands.

What are the effects of disasters Each year:  High cost (billions )  Loss of life, high mortality rate  Injuries  diseases  homelessness

Disaster Mitigation Disaster mitigation:  Actions that can prevent the occurrence of disasters or reduce the severity of its effects as: *Awareness and educations *Disaster prevention as building a retaining wall to divert flood *Advocacy as supporting actions and efforts for effective building code and land use

St ages of disaster involvement  Preparedness  Response  Recovery

I-preparedness  It is disaster preparation  The plan must be kept realistic and simple  It should include personal, professional and community preparation.

Personal preparedness  It is nurses with client responsibilities  Personal and family preparation can help  Nursing lists emergency supplies should be prepared and stored in easy to carry container  Important documents should be kept in a waterproof container

Professional preparedness  Disaster in work is not high tech.  Fieldwork, include management, requires that the nurses be creative and willing to improve in delivering care  All workers should be certified in first aid and CPR  workers can get the red Crecent program of disaster training of health professionals to enable them to provide assistance within their own communities

Communities preparedness  Having a written disaster plan  Working together cooperatively and with clear role definition before disaster  Participating in a yearly disaster drills  Having office of emergency management (OFM) for developing and coordinating emergency response plans within their defined area

Preparation for safety in a disaster  1- find out what could happen (type of disaster)  2- create a disaster plan  3- write a complete checklist  4- participate and maintain the plan

Role of the nurse in disaster preparedness cont.  facilitate preparation within the community  Know the role in citywide disaster plans for community  Can participate in update the disaster plan  Provide education to the publics  Provide an update record of vulnerable populations within the community

Role of the nurse in disaster preparedness  Knows the institutions and be familiar with the individuals who work there  Keep a safe environment  Report environmental health hazard as unsafe equipment, faulty structure  Understand the available community resources  Know how the community will work together

II-Response  The disaster response depend on *disaster type (transportation accidents) *the level of disaster (level I,II,III,IV) according to the cost *the scope (single family, local disaster, state disaster, major disaster)  Disaster response by any agency can be by: 1- Red Cross and crescent 2- voluntary organization 3-business &labor organization 4- local government

How disasters affect communities?  It can be physical and emotional depending on type, cause and location of the disaster.  Common reaction to disaster can be  Extreme sense of angry  Panic and fear  Difficulty in making decision  Anger, blame and guilt

What is Crisis Intervention? The goals of crisis intervention are rapid resolution of the crisis to  prevent further deterioration  achieve at least a pre-crisis level of functioning  promote growth and effective problem solving  recognize danger signs to prevent negative outcomes (RNAO, 2006; Hoff, 1995)‏

Roles & Goals of Crisis Workers Support individuals and families in crisis Mental Health Assessment Liaise with ER physician Liaise with Community Support Referral-community, hospital, etc. Liaise with psychiatrist

The role of the nurse in disaster response  Triage: separating casualties and allocating treatment  Assess, treat and give feedback for rapid rescue and recovery  keep ongoing assessments and survival reports  Find resolution of the immediate problem through the use of personal, social and environmental resources

III-Recovery  The third stage of crisis  All involved agencies pull together to restore the economic and civic life of the community  Community cleanup effects for physical and psychological problems

Public Health Considerations  The primary public health measures include:  Maintaining proper hygiene – wearing protective gloves  Maintaining proper sanitation  Purifying water if necessary

Nursing role in recovery stage of disaster  Teaching proper hygiene  Up date the Immunization records  Continue the referral of mental health persona to the professionals  Be alert to the environmental health hazards during recovery phase  Assess the danger of live or dead animals and rodents that harmful to person’s health  Conduct follow up visit.

Review questions 1-Action that can prevent the occurrence of disasters or reduce the severity of its effects is called a-crisis b- Preparedness c- Response d- Disaster mitigation(d) 2- disaster preparation is which stage? a-preparedness b-Response c-Recovery d-Evaluation(a )

Complete: 1- Stages of disaster involvementa-b-c- a- Preparedness b- Response c- Recovery 2- The role of the nurse in disaster preparedness includes a-b-c-  facilitate preparation within the community  Know the role in citywide disaster plans for community  Can participate in update the disaster plan  Provide education to the publics  Provide an update record of vulnerable populations within the community