Figure 14-7 (part 1 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Biochemical fractionation of purified mitochondria into separate components Discussion (III) from Dr. Jen

Figure 14-7 (part 2 of 2) Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008)

Figure 14-1 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Harnessing energy for life—Chemiosmotic coupling NADH/FADH 2 化學能  H + 電位能  ATP 化學能

Q1: How can you proof that there are membrane-requiring steps (chemiosmotic coupling processes) in the energy transfer between high energy electrons and ATP synthesis in the mitochondria? (Maximal 5 slides including the title page)

Figure Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Critical roles of mitochondria in cell metabolism (besides ATP production). Note: Incomplete oxidative phosphorylation (0.05%) often leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). About 90% of the cell’s O 2 - is formed inside mitochondria. Collapse of mitochondrial Δ  eventually leads to cell death.

Q2: It is well-known that the collapse of mitochondria membrane potential usually leads to cell death. Based on what your have learned from this chapter, give at least 3 reasons to explain this fact and speculate how would the “dying process” proceed? (Maximal 5 slides including the title page)

Figure Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) (Mfn 1, Mfn 2, Opa 1) (Drp 1, Fis 1) Q3: What are the advantages for mitochondrial fusion/fission?

Figure Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) The differences in the patterns of inheritance between mitochondrial and nuclear genes of yeast cells. Mitotic segregation, non- Mendelian or cytoplasmic inheritance Chloramphenicol: A procaryotic protein synthesis inhibitor

Table 14-3 Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Q4: Mitochondria in various organisms use a relatively relaxed codon system. Moreover, mitochondrial genes are inherited by a non-Mendelian mechanism. What could have caused these phenomena, and would mitochondria in different organisms behave differently? (Maximal 5 slides including the title page)

Figure Molecular Biology of the Cell (© Garland Science 2008) Comparison of mitochondrial genomes. Q5: What are the consequences (advantages and disadvantages) of having a large or a small genome in the mitochondria? (Maximal 5 slides including the title page)