Page 15 A : Independence word web (Warm-Up) Fill in the chart with in your groups. INDEPENDENCE

Independence Being free freedom from the control Self governing Independent Liberty Nationalism Self-rule

WWII & Independence Imagine that you live in a colonized country were you are always being told what you can do and cannot do. WWII just ended and you fought during WWII. When you return from fighting you expect changes in your country (you want to be considered a citizen & represent your country). In contrast, when you return the colonizers are still in control and will not give the colonized citizens freedom. How would you feel? Rebel against authorities/fight for freedom This was how the colonized people felt They were tiered of being treated terrible after WWII They pushed for independence & established their own nations.

After WWII - Independence

The Collapse of Imperialism Imperialist nations weakened because of WWI & WWII. Colonized people became educated & literate: Increased resentment Considered as “second class citizens” Decolonization: the process of becoming free of colonial status and achieving statehood.

Nationalism -Strong devotion to one’s national group or culture. -Sense of national identity among the colonized people. -Colonized people who fought in WWI & WWII, felt the desire to separate themselves from their European colonial powers.

The Struggle for Independence colonies achieved independence and statehood. Difficult and bitter process Colonized Continents: Africa Asia Latin America India (country)

Challenges of Independence Lack of middle class Education deficit Resource depletion Population growth Ethnic disputes Dependent economies Growing debt Cultural dependence Widespread social unrest Military responses to restore order

AFRICA

Africa was colonized by: Britain France German Portugal Spain Italy *Ethiopia was never colonized. (why? Think about one of the reasons why countries colonized others.) Christianity: Ethiopia was a Christian state that is why it was not colonized.

Independence for Africa Nationalists: an advocate of national independence ex-servicemen unemployed & under-employed educated Pan-Africanism movement Movement dedicated to establishing independence for African nations. cultivated unity among black people throughout the world. Leaders: W.E.B. Du Bois Jomo Kenyatta Kwame Nkrumah

Famous Leaders Kwame Nkrumah President of Ghana from leading opponent of British Imperialism 1957: Ghana was the 1 st to win independence from Great Britain.

Jomo Kenyatta 1 st Prime Minister 1963–1964 President of Kenya 1964–1978 founding father Kenya Famous Leaders

Nelson Mandela South African anti-apartheid activist revolutionary politician President of South Africa to won Nobel Peace Prize Famous Leaders

Independence for Africa 1957: The Gold Coast (Ghana) was the 1 st to win independence from Great Britain. 1960: Senegal, Togo, Niger, Gabon, Chad, Mali, the Ivory Coast, Ubangi-Shari (which became the Central African Republic), Congo Republic (France). 1960: Nigeria - (Great Britain) 1962: Uganda 1962: Burundi and Rwanda – (Belgium)

Compare & Contrast