Ghana, Mali and Songhai.  Nok  Ghana  Mali  5x larger than Ghana  Songhai.

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Ghana, Mali and Songhai

 Nok  Ghana  Mali  5x larger than Ghana  Songhai

 Griot-Storyteller  Diviner- Someone who communicates with spirits  Kinship-Family Relationship  Oral Tradition-History passed through retold stories

 Trade routes carried goods from the Middle East, Europe and Asia  Gold and Salt  Dangerous but profitable  Niger and Senegal Rivers-Natural Resource and Transportation

 Koumbi-Ghana  Niani-Mali  Timbuktu- major center for trade and learning  Gao- Songhai

 King ruled with help from a council of ministers  Kingdom divided into large provinces and smaller districts  Province ruled by a lesser king  District ruled by a chief  The son of the king’s sister inherited the throne.

 Local rulers had to send their sons to the king’s court.  Nobody could trade without the king’s permission  Only the king could own gold nuggets  Currency-gold dust

 Larger than Ghana in every way  Officials supervised specific trade or economic items…one would oversea fishing, another would be in charge of forests  Kingdom divided into provinces ruled by generals  Citizens rewarded with gold, land and horses to keep them loyal

 National Honor of the Trousers- only the royal family could wear sewn clothes. Most people wore wrapped cloth.  Mansa Musa- Mali’s greatest king, helped to spread Islam and education in West Africa

 Founded by Sunni Ali- divided into provinces but never fully organized  Ali died mysteriously in 1492  Songhai taken over by general Muhammad Ture- continued spreading Islam in West Africa

 Most Africans believed in one supreme creator.  Religious practices varied widely from place to place  Religion provided rules for living and helped people stay in touch with their history.  Most believed the spirits of the dead stayed with the community.

 Became popular in West Africa because it assisted in trading with Arab world.  More Muslims in cities than in the countryside  Men like Mansa Musa, Muhammad Ture aka. Askia Muhammed very important in spreading Islam throughout West Africa.  Mosques and schools built throughout West Africa to teach the Koran.