Lead-in  Which language is most widely used in the world?  What do you think is the most difficult part of studying English— pronunciation, grammar or vocabulary? Why?  Do you think English has always stayed the same?

The sonnets ( 十四行诗 ) by Shakespeare  Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day, Thou art more lovely and more temperate, And summer’s lease hath too short a date, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines What are the underlined words used as today? thee: you ( 宾格 ) thou: you ( 主格 ) art: are hath: has sometime: sometimes

Reading English and its history

Skill check  What is the type of this text? A. a story B. a report C. a history article  What is the topic of this text? the history of English C

Skimming  1. What are the three kinds of English discussed in the article?  2. Why is English a language with so many confusing rules?  3. Is English still changing? Old English, middle English and modern English. Yes. Because people from many different countries and cultures have lived together in Britain.

Scanning  Read the text again more carefully and finish C1 and C2 on Page 24.

Reading strategy  What should you pay attention when you read a history article?  What is an good idea to do when reading a history article? Dates and years. Make a time chart.

TimeEvents Before the middle of 5th century At the end of 9th century By the 10th century In 1066 By the latter half of 14th century In 1399 During the Renaissance in 16th century The Vikings invaded Britain Old English was the official language of England. Norman conquest English was adopted by all classes in England. Henry IV became King of England and used English for all official occasions. Modern English began. People in Britain all spoke Celtic

Sentence patterns  1. The English language is made up of the rules and vocabulary each group of people brought to Britain with them. (Page 22, line 3-4) each group of people brought to Britain with them 是定语从句，修饰 the rules and vocabulary 。 bring... with sb 随身携带 Jack 随身带了本小说，以便在等公车时可以阅读。 Jack brought a novel with him so that he could read when waiting for the bus.

 2. They each had their own language and Anglo- Saxon developed from mixing these languages with Celtic. (Page 22, line9) develop from... 从 中发展而来 mix A with B 将 A 和 B 混合在一起 _____ with some sugar, the drink will taste better. A. To mix B. Mixing C. Mix D. Mixed If it is mixed with some sugar,... D

 3. The language they created is what we now call old English. (Page 22, line 12-13) 仿写句子：他们所到达的地方就是我们今天所称 的美洲。 The place they arrived is what we now call America.

 4. In fact, it is certain that we wouldn’t be able to understand it if we heard it today. (Line 15) it is certain that... 可以肯定的是 what is certain is that... 句中 if 从句使用了虚拟语气，表示所陈述的情况 与现在事实相反。 仿写句子 : 可以肯定的是，如果他今天来这儿的 话，他会接受我的建议的。 It is certain that he would accept my advice If he came here today.

create vt 创造，创新，创作 Shakes created many characters. Her behavior created a lot of problems. All men are created equal. Painters are ___________ artists. In modern times, _________ is an important ability one should have. Job ________ has become necessary for the government. creative creativity creation

 5. The language consisted of an Anglo-Saxon base plus words from the language of Denmark and Norway. (Line 16-17) consist of = be made up of... plus = and; in addition to; as well as 仿写句子：医疗队由三名医生和五名护士组成。 The medical team consists of three doctors plus five nurses.

 6. This is because many pairs of words and phrases have similar meanings in English. (Line 19) this is because... the reason is that... The reason _____ he came late was _____ he got stuck in a traffic jam. He came late, which is ________ he got stuck in a traffic jam. whythat because

 7. However, the Norman Conquest did not have the same result that the Germanic invasion had had about 600 years earlier. 仿写句子：在我小时候，父母的话没有产生和老师 们的话相同的影响。 When I was young, my parents’ words didn’t have the same impact that the teachers’ had had on me.

 8. Despite this fact, French still had an impact on the English language. (Page23, line 58) Despite this fact that French didn’t replace English as the first language, French still.... 尽管很多人反对，但老板还是采纳我的计划。 Despite the fact that many people were against my plan, my boss accepted it.

 9. The question of whether English will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. (Line 55) 只用 whether 的情况： 介词后； 后接不定式； 引导主语从句，在句首； whether or not I don’t know _______ to go there or not. ________ he will come is not certain. I wonder ________ or not we will succeed. whether Whether whether

 10. If a person from the south of England goes to the north, he or she may find it difficult to understand what people are saying. (Line 58) 仿写句子：如果你加入我们，你就可能发现学习 我们在做的事情很容易。 If you join us, you may find it easy to learn what we are doing.

Discussion  Do you think it is possible for Chinese to become the most widely used international language some day? Give your reason.

Homework  Read the text again and memorize ( 记住 ) the key words and expressions in the text.