Phonetics Syllables and Stress.

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Presentation transcript:

Phonetics Syllables and Stress

Books 1. Peter Roach, English phonetics and phonology, Cambridge University Press 2. Anna Mańkowska, Marta Nowacka, Magdalena Kłoczowska, How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck? English pronunciation practice book, Konsorcjum Akademickie. Kraków-Rzeszów-Zamość 3. Ann Baker, Ship or Sheep? An intermediate pronunciation course, Cambridge University Press

What is a syllable?

What is A syllable? Onset – what comes before the peak Peak – little or no obstruction of air flow – usually a vowel Coda – what comes after the peak.

What is A syllable? are – or – err bar – key – more am – ought – ease run – sat – fill

Syllable division ’extra’

Syllable division ’extra’ e+kstrə

’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə Syllable division ’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə

’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə Syllable division ’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə

’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə ekst+rə Syllable division ’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə ekst+rə

’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə ekst+rə ekstr+ə Syllable division ’extra’ e+kstrə ek+strə eks+trə ekst+rə ekstr+ə

Onsets

Codas Possible pre-final consonants: m, n, ŋ, l, s Possible final consonants: all  except h, r, w, j Possible post-final consonants: s, z, t, d, θ

Codas

Syllable structure

Syllable types Strong Weak

Weak syllables Unstressed Four types of peak: schwa (ə) close front unrounded vowel (i:/ɪ) > (i) close back rounded vowel (u:/ʊ) > (u) syllabic consonant

Syllabic consonants l n ŋ m r

Stress A stressed syllable combines five features: It is l o n g e r It is LOUDER It has a change in pitch (upwards) It is said more clearly (compared with weak syllables) It uses larger facial movements After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423

Stress Stressing the wrong syllable in a word can make the word very difficult to hear and understand; for example, try saying the following words: And now in a sentence: "I carried the b'tell to the hottle.„ Now reverse the stress patterns for the two words and you should be able to make sense of the sentence! "I carried the bottle to the hotel.„ After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423 o O b'tell O o hottle

"They will desert* the desert** by tomorrow." : Stress Stressing a word differently can change the meaning or type of the word: "They will desert* the desert** by tomorrow." : After: http://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/print/423 o O desert* O o desert**

Hearing the Stress

Hearing the Stress Tap-Tap method

Homework

Some more resources http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SjbG85eMqkU&list=PLGft2A7EKACIuWP1xSCycyLe0uZPcMMQf&index=2 [middle part] http://www.multimedia-english.com/phonetics/beats-and-rhythm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WX1rrFh4OZw