Lecture 6 Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions and National Culture

National National Regional / Ethnic / Religious / Linguistic Regional / Ethnic / Religious / Linguistic Gender Gender Generational Generational Societal Societal Organizational Organizational Levels of Culture

Power-Distance Power-Distance Individualism-Collectivism Individualism-Collectivism Masculinity-Femininity Masculinity-Femininity Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty Avoidance Long-term Orientation Long-term Orientation Geert Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions

The extent to which the less powerful me mbers of a society accept and expect tha t power is distributed unequally. The extent to which the less powerful me mbers of a society accept and expect tha t power is distributed unequally. Power-Distance

The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups The degree to which individuals are integrated into groupsINDIVIDUALISM Emphasis on self vs. social group COLLECTIVISM Emphasis on social group vs. self Individualism-Collectivism

The extent to which gender roles in a culture ar e expected and clearly defined The extent to which gender roles in a culture ar e expected and clearly defined Emphasis on: Emphasis on: assertiveness & materialism vs. relationships & leisure time Masculinity-Femininity

The extent to which a society feels The extent to which a society feels threatened or is comfortable by uncertain and ambiguous situations Uncertainty Avoidance

New Dimension to developed to describe the differences between East and West c ultures New Dimension to developed to describe the differences between East and West c ultures Long-Term Orientation

Long-Term Orientation Dimension Long-term orientation Long-term orientation Persistence Persistence Ordering relationships by status & following this Ordering relationships by status & following this Thrift Thrift Sense of shame Sense of shame Short-term orientation Short-term orientation Personal steadiness and stability Personal steadiness and stability Protecting your ‘face’ Protecting your ‘face’ Respect or tradition Respect or tradition Reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts Reciprocation of greetings, favors, and gifts

Cultural Dimensions Scores for 64 Countries