Diversity

Three Domains of Living Things The Tree of Life The Three Domains of Life Represent the Earliest Branches in Evolutionary History

ArchaeaBacteria

Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Single-celled Algae Single-celled Algae Euglenoids have a single flagellum Dinoflagellates move with two whiplike flagella. Diatoms have silica shells.

Protists: Algae Photosynthetic Using Chloroplasts Multicellular Algae Multicellular Algae

Fungus-Like Protists Heterotrophic by Absorption Water mold Slime mold

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Sporozoans have no means of locomotion Sarcodines move with pseudopodia

Animal-Like Protists: Protozoa Heterotrophic by IngestionHeterotrophic by Ingestion Distinguished by LocomotionDistinguished by Locomotion Zooflagellates use flagella for movement. Ciliates use cilia for movement.

Zygote Fungi LiveLive in soil and on decaying plant matter ZygoporangiaZygoporangia = reproductive structures producing spores

Sac Fungi AscusAscus = sac that surrounds spores

Club Fungi BasidiumBasidium = club-shaped reproductive structure that produces spores

Imperfect Fungi SexualSexual reproduction has not been observed

Evolutionary Tree of Major Plant Groups Ancestral Algae Liver- worts MossesBryophytes True vascular tissue & lignin appear Ferns Gymno- sperms Seeds and pollen appear Flowers & Fruits appear Seed Plants Angio- spermsTracheophytes Shows increasing adaptations for land dwelling Bryophyta Pterophyta Conifero- phyta Anthophyta

Mosses Ferns

Gymnosperms Seed Plants without Flowers Angiosperms Flowering Plants

Categories of Angiosperms

Evolutionary Developments Leading to Present-Day Animal Phyla

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals tissues

Phylum Porifera Sponges Phylum Cnidaria Coral, Hydra, Anemones and Jellyfish

Body Symmetry

Body Plans Diploblastic Triploblastic

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Platyhelminthes flatworms Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals tissues triploblasticbilateral symmetrycephalization

Body Plan Developments Cephalization Segmentation

Phylum Platyhelminthes Tapeworms, Flukes, Flatworms Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Phylum Annelida Segmented Worms

Body Cavities Coelom: body cavity lined on all sides by a layer of mesodermal cells

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Annelida segmented worms P. Nematoda roundworms P. Mollusca snail, clam Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Platyhelminthes flatworms tissues triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation Coelom?

Phylum Mollusca Clams, Chitons, Snails, Squid

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Arthopoda insects chitin jointed appendages P. Platyhelminthes flatworms tissues P. Nematoda roundworms Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Annelida segmented worms P. Mollusca snail, clam triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation Coelom?

Phylum Arthropoda insects, crabs, spiders Phylum Echinodermata sea stars, sand dollars, sea urchins

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Chordata deuterostome developmental pattern Protist Ancestor P. Poriphera sponges P. Cnidaria corals P. Platyhelminthes flatworms P. Annelida segmented worms P. Nematoda roundworms P. Arthopoda insects P. Mollusca snail, clam tissues triploblastic bilateral symmetry cephalization cuticle segmentation chitin jointed appendages Coelom?

Comparison of Protostomes to Deuterostomes cleavage = cell divisions following fertilization blastopore = first opening in embryo Mouth forms from first opening Mouth forms from second opening

Evolutionary Sequence for Animal Groups P. Echinidermata sea stars P. Chordata Sub P. Urochordata Sub P. Cephalochodata Sub P. Vertebrata Fishes (5-7 classes) C. Amphibia frog C. Mammalia whale, mouse C. “Reptilia” lizards C. Aves birds

Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata tunicates, sea squirts Subphylum Cephalochordata lancelets

 Class Agnatha  jawless fishes  Class Chondrichhthyes  cartilaginous fish  Class Osteichthyes  bony fish Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata 5-7 classes of fish, including

 Class Amphibia  frogs, toads, salamanders  Class Aves  birds  Class Reptilia  lizards, snakes, turtles, alligators Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata

 Class Mammalia: monotremes, marsupials, placentals Phylum Chordata Classes of Sub-Phylum Vertebrata