 Carolus Linnaeus is the father of binomial nomenclature  Way of identifying organisms  K,P,C,O,F,G,S  Now we have three domains 1. Archae – methanogens, thermophiles, halophiles 2. Bacteria (Eubacteria) – all other prokaryotes 3. Eukarya – protists, fungi, plant animals

 Fungi grow as filaments – hyphae  Mycelium – mass of hyphae  Most do not have complete cell walls – septa divide walls  Cell walls – contain chitin  Haustoria – hyphae that penetrate their host.  Zygomycota – Bread mold  Ascomycota – cup fungus  Basidiomycota - mushrooms

 Mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms  Green algae is the ancestor of plants

 No symmetry – sponges – Porifera  Radial Symmetry – jellyfish – Cnidaria  Acoelomates – flatworms – Platyhelminthes  Pseudocoelomates – roundworms/rotifer – Nematoda  Coelomates – all others  Protostome – Molluscs, Annelids, Arthropods  Deuterostome – Chordates and Echinoderms

1. Sessile – does not move 2. Mostly marine 3. Multicellular – but has no tissues 4. No body symmetry 5. Gets nutrients through pores

1. Soft bodies with tentacles and stinging cells 2. Radial symmetry 3. One opening - both mouth and anus 4. Nerve net 5. Two cell layers – ectoderm and mesoderm 6. Polyp and medusa 7. Hydra, jelly fish, sea anemone

1. Flat bodies with bilateral symmetry 2. Nerve ladder with brain 3. 3 cell layers – ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm 4. Mostly parasitic 5. One opening 6. Planaria, flukes, tapeworms

1. Bilateral symmetry 2. Tough outer covering - cuticle 3. Digestive cavity 4. Can be parasites 5. First to have body cavity – pseudocoelom 6. Ex. Roundworms, pinworms, heartworms

 Very small  Pseudocoelom  Crown of cilia for feeding

1. Ringlike segmented bodies 2. Bilateral symmetry 3. Tubelike digestive tract 4. Organ systems 5. Setae on segments 6. Dorsal vein 7. Ventral nervous system 8. True Coelom 9. Ex. Earthworms, leeches

Segmented Worms

1. Soft bodies with shells 2. Move with muscular foot 3. Have a mantle that secretes the shell 4. Bilateral symmetry 5. True Coelom 6. Ex. Clams, scallops, squid, octopus, snails, slugs

Class Bivalves

Class Gastropoda

Class Cephalopoda

 Segmented  Jointed Appendages  Exoskeleton made of Chitin  Head, thorax, abdomen  Crustaceans – crabs, lobster, shrimps  Millipedes and Centipedes  Insects

 Protostomes – determinate cleavage where early cells have predetermined fate  Deuterostomes – indeterminate cleavage where early cells can be the whole organism

 Deuterostome development – blastopore becomes the anus  Star fish, brittle stars, sea urchin

Lancelets