Marine Biology Where have we been, and where are we going?

Introduction2 What is Marine Biology? Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the marine environment Oceanography? Marine biology is a combination of functional biology and ecology

Introduction3 Why should we study the marine habitat? Provides many different resources Widely used for recreation and essential in many coastal economies Problems created by the marine environment and marine animals Future generations

Introduction4 The History of Marine Biology Food source Middens Fish hooks Knowledge of the marine environment increased with advancements in seamanship and navigation Pacific IslandersVikings PhoeniciansArabs GreeksEuropeans

Introduction5 James Cook One of the first captains to make scientific observations Chronometer Full-time naturalist Explored all oceans in 3 voyages Through his example in the 19 th century most ships carried naturalists James Cook

Introduction6 James Cook Voyages Francesco Bartolozzi and William Byrne The death of Captain Cook

Introduction7 Charles Darwin In 1831 the H.M.S. Beagle sailed around the world for 5 years carrying Charles Darwin What are Darwin’s notable contributions to science and marine biology? Charles Darwin

Introduction8 Atoll Reefs and Barnacles

Introduction9 Edward Forbes Naturalist on the Beacon and sampled the bottom using a dredge Discovered that animal density decreased with depth and that species diversity changes with depth Azoic

Introduction10 The Challenger Expedition In 1872 the British government funded the first major oceanographic expedition. A light warship, the HMS Challenger was used It took 19 years and 50 volumes to publish all the results 4,700 new species were discovered New standards were set in studying the ocean. Challenger

Introduction11 HMS Challenger Voyage Fig. 1.5

Introduction12 Marine Laboratories Marine labs were created at the shore to tackle long term studies of the marine habitat The first major American lab was the Woods Hole lab in Massachusetts Another important lab was created in Pacific Grove, California. The Scripps Institute These and many other marine labs are crucial in the growth of marine biology today Woods Hole Institute

Introduction13 Marine Biology Today The description of animals and the general picture of marine biology is now well understood Marine biologist are concerned with why patterns exist and how animals live With advances in technologies new areas are now available to explore Submersibles (Alvin) and ROV’s are used to explore the deep sea and hydrothermal vents Alvin

Introduction14 NAML National Association of Marine Laboratories National Association of Marine Laboratories