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Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine mammals. They can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters. LIFE IN THE SEA Dugongs swim using their whale-like fluked tail and they use their front flippers for balance and turning. They have a rounded head with small eyes and a large snout and, being mammals, dugongs must surface to breathe. However, unlike other mammals such as dolphins, porpoises and some whales, dugongs cannot hold their breath for very long. They can only stay under water for a few minutes. Dugongs have poor eyesight but acute hearing. They find and grasp seagrass with the aid of coarse, sensitive bristles, which cover the upper lip of their large and fleshy snout. During the mating season, male dugongs use their tusks to fight each other. DISTRIBUTION Dugongs inhabit the shallow, tropical waters throughout the Indo- Pacific region. Most of the world’s population of dugongs is now found in northern Australian waters between Shark Bay in Western Australia and Moreton Bay in Queensland. THREATS TO SURVIVAL Their slow breeding rate means that dugongs are particularly susceptible to factors that threaten their survival. These include: illegal hunting Death or injury from passing boats Drowning from entanglement in fishing nets Habitat loss due to the destruction of seagrass meadows through dredging and pollution. Passage 1- highlighting

Passage 1 - Note Taking Dugons are sea cows. They can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. Dugons swim and they are mammels. Other mammels like dolphins, porpoises and some whales. Dugons can hold their breath for very long. Poor eyesight but acute hearing. During the mating season, male dugons use their tusks to fight each other.

Passage 1- Rewrite Dugons, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine mamals. They can grow to about three meters in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. Marine mammals only eat plants. Dugons swim using their whale-like fluked tail and they use their front flippers for balance and turning. They have a slow breathing rate and poor eyesight and hearing.

Passage 2- highlighting Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine mammals. They can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters. LIFE IN THE SEA Dugongs swim using their whale-like fluked tail and they use their front flippers for balance and turning. They have a rounded head with small eyes and a large snout and, being mammals, dugongs must surface to breathe. However, unlike other mammals such as dolphins, porpoises and some whales, dugongs cannot hold their breath for very long. They can only stay under water for a few minutes. Dugongs have poor eyesight but acute hearing. They find and grasp seagrass with the aid of coarse, sensitive bristles, which cover the upper lip of their large and fleshy snout. During the mating season, male dugongs use their tusks to fight each other. DISTRIBUTION Dugongs inhabit the shallow, tropical waters throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Most of the world’s population of dugongs is now found in northern Australian waters between Shark Bay in Western Australia and Moreton Bay in Queensland. THREATS TO SURVIVAL Their slow breeding rate means that dugongs are particularly susceptible to factors that threaten their survival. These include: illegal hunting Death or injury from passing boats Drowning from entanglement in fishing nets Habitat loss due to the destruction of seagrass meadows through dredging and pollution.

Dugongs are marine mammals Length – 3 metres weigh – 400kg The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters Swim using whale-like fluked tail, use front flippers for balance, movements slow and graceful. Rounded head with small eyes and a large snout. Poor eyesight but acute hearing All dugongs have tusks Their slow breeding rate means they are susceptible to factors that threaten their survival like illegal hunting, death from boats, drowning Passage 2- notes

Dugongs, or sea cows as they are sometimes called, are marine mammals. They can grow to about three metres in length and weigh as much as 400 kilograms. They are the only marine mammals in Australia that live mainly on plants. The name sea cow refers to the fact that they graze on the seagrasses, which form meadows in sheltered coastal waters. LIFE IN THE SEA Dugongs swim using their whale-like fluked tail and they use their front flippers for balance and turning. They have a rounded head with small eyes and a large snout and, being mammals, dugongs must surface to breathe. However, unlike other mammals such as dolphins, porpoises and some whales, dugongs cannot hold their breath for very long. They can only stay under water for a few minutes. Dugongs have poor eyesight but acute hearing. They find and grasp seagrass with the aid of coarse, sensitive bristles, which cover the upper lip of their large and fleshy snout. During the mating season, male dugongs use their tusks to fight each other. DISTRIBUTION Dugongs inhabit the shallow, tropical waters throughout the Indo-Pacific region. Most of the world’s population of dugongs is now found in northern Australian waters between Shark Bay in Western Australia and Moreton Bay in Queensland. THREATS TO SURVIVAL Their slow breeding rate means that dugongs are particularly susceptible to factors that threaten their survival. These include: illegal hunting Death or injury from passing boats Drowning from entanglement in fishing nets Habitat loss due to the destruction of seagrass meadows through dredging and pollution. Passage 3- highlighting

Dugongs = sea cows Marine mammals 3m long, 400 kg Only marine mammals in Aust that live on plants Swim using whale-like fluked tail Front flippers used for balance Round head, small eyes, large snout Poor eyesight, acute hearing Use bristles to find and grasp seagrass Surface to breath – can’t hold breath as long as other marine mammals (dolphins, whales, porpoises) Live in Indo-Pacific region, around the northern parts of Australia – Shark Bay, WA to Moreton Bay QLD Slow breeding rate - threatens survival. Also, illegal hunting, death/injuries from boats, drowning fishing nets, habitat loss Passage 3- notes

Dugongs are commonly referred to as Sea Cows because of their sea grass grazing habits which form in the warmer waters common to the Indo Pacific region. Surprisingly, these majestic mammals who primarily rely on a diet of plants, can weigh an astronomical 400 kilograms (the same size as a small car) and extend up to 3metres in length. The Dugong is also identifiable through their rounded head and small beady eyes. Consequently, their eye sight is quite poor but still manage to find food through their super sensitive bristles on their large snout. Contrasting to their eye sight, the Dugongs aural senses are superior. During the mating season, male Dugongs fight for supremacy and courtship but despite these efforts, Dugongs still face threats to their survival. A number of key factors have contributed to this including illegal hunting, drowning due to fishing nets, and the destruction of food supplies and habitat. In order for these beautiful giants of the sea to continue, humans must be more proactive in looking after the environment and the animals which occupy it. We all have a part to play! Passage 3- re write