The Origins of the State Modern Political and Economic systems.

What is needed to be a “country”?  Population  Territory  Sovereignty  It is neither subordinate nor responsible to another authority.  Government

Origins of the State  The Force Theory  One person or group claimed control over an area and forced all to submit to their rule.  Once rule established, the other elements were present.

Origins of the State  The Evolutionary Theory –  The state developed naturally out of early families. The father was the “head” and thus “government.”  Family – Clan – Nation.

The Origins of the State  Divine Right Theory  God gave some the right to rule.  Genetically passed on.

Origins of the State  The Social Contract Theory –  Developed by John Lock and Thomas Hobbes in England. Jean Jacques Rousseau in France.  THE BASIS FOR OUR GOVT!

Social Contract Theory  Man lived in a “state of nature.” – considered it an “unpleasant condition.”  By contract, men joined together and agreed to work together.

Distribution of Power The geographic distribution of power. UNITARY – centralized government. Single central agency. FEDERAL – Division of powers. We have a national government and then 50 state governments. CONFEDERATE – States are equal.

Participation in Govt.  DICTATORSHIP!  Authoritarian where those in power have total authority over the people.  Totalitarian where those in power have total authority over all aspects of peoples lives.

Dictatorships  The people have no say.  Often dictators are militaristic.  Take power by force and lose it by force.

Democracy  Supreme political authority rests with the people.  Government is conducted only by and with their consent.

Types of Democracy  Direct Democracy  Indirect Democracy OR Representative Democracy OR REPUBLIC.

RULES of DEMOCRACY  Fundamental worth of individuals.  Equality of all persons.  Majority rule and minority rights.  Necessity of compromise.  Individual Freedom.

Who controls the resources?  The questions what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.  Capitalism, Free Enterprise, Market Economy.  Communism, Command Economy  Socialism, Mixed-Economy.