Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Sensitivity Analysis of Suspended Sediment Inherent Optical Property Effects on Modeled Water Leaving Radiance Jason Hamel Dr. Rolando Raqueño Dr. John Schott Dr. Minsu Kim

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Outline ObjectiveObjective Water ModelingWater Modeling Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids Test CasesTest Cases ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Objective Examine the effect of suspended solids on water leaving radianceExamine the effect of suspended solids on water leaving radiance –Perform a sensitivity study using a model to determine effect of: »Composition »Particle size »Concentration –Analyze the NIR region to determine cases where normal atmospheric correction methods over water will fail Tools:Tools: –OOPS –Hydrolight

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Signal Sources Air/Water Transition Water/Air Transition In Water Atmosphere to Sensor 10% 80% 10%

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Characteristics of Spectral data Irondequoit Bay Lake Ontario Genesee River

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Outline ObjectiveObjective Water ModelingWater Modeling Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids Test CasesTest Cases ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Water Modeling Hydrolight is our current water modeling toolHydrolight is our current water modeling tool To model the radiance leaving the water surface Hydrolight needs defined:To model the radiance leaving the water surface Hydrolight needs defined: –Illumination –Surface wind speed –Water quality parameters –Bottom conditions

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Water Modeling Water quality parametersWater quality parameters –Material components in the water column (typically included is pure water, chlorophyll, suspended solids, and color dissolved organic matter) »Concentration »Absorption coefficient »Scattering coefficient »Scattering phase function –All variables can be defined for wavelength and depth

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Water Modeling Ocean Optical Plankton Simulator (OOPS) developed at CornellOcean Optical Plankton Simulator (OOPS) developed at Cornell Models absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering phase functionModels absorption and scattering coefficients and the scattering phase function Generate IOP’s of in-water constituents if basic properties of the materials are knownGenerate IOP’s of in-water constituents if basic properties of the materials are known Can generate test data sets with Hydrolight to analyze how specific constituents effect the water leaving radianceCan generate test data sets with Hydrolight to analyze how specific constituents effect the water leaving radiance

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Outline ObjectiveObjective Water ModelingWater Modeling Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids Test CasesTest Cases ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Suspended Solids in OOPS Basic physical and optical properties needed by OOPS to model IOP’s:Basic physical and optical properties needed by OOPS to model IOP’s: –Suspended solids composition –Refractive index –Particle size distribution –Density

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Suspended Solids Composition QuartzSiO 2QuartzSiO 2 FeldsparsFeldspars –OrthoclaseKAlSi 3 O 8 –AlbiteNaAlSi 3 O 8 –AnorthiteCaAl 2 Si 2 O 8 Clay mineralsClay minerals –KaoliniteAl 4 (OH) 8 [Si 4 O 10 ] –Chlorite(Al, Mg, Fe) 3 (OH) 2 [(Al,Si} 4 O 10 ] Mg 3 (OH) –Illite(K, H 2 O) Al 2 (H 2 O, OH) 2 [AlSi 3 O 10 ] –Montmorillonite{(AL 2-x Mg x ) (OH) 2 [Si 4 O 10 ]} -x Na x. n H 1 O Calcite/aragoniteCaCO 3Calcite/aragoniteCaCO 3 OpalSiO 2 (amorphous)OpalSiO 2 (amorphous)

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Refractive Indices Ordinary RayExtraordinary RayTertiary Ray Quartz Quartz FeldsparsFeldspars –Orthoclase –Albite –Anorthite ClaysClays –Kaolinite –Chlorite –Illite –Montmorillonite Calcium CarbonateCalcium Carbonate –Calcite –Aragonite Opal1.44Opal1.44 From Lide, D. R. (2003). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics CRC Press, 84th edition.

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Refractive Indices From Gifford, J. W. (1902). The refractive indices of fluorite, quartz, and calcite. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 70:

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Particle Size Distributions Will test 3 particle size distributions (PSD):Will test 3 particle size distributions (PSD): –Junge –Gaussian –Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Typical Ocean PSD’s From Simpson, W. R. (1982). Particulate matter in the oceans-sampling methods, concentration, size distribution, and particle dynamics. Oceanography and Marine Biology, 20:

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Junge PSD’s

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T In Situ PSD’s Measurements made using a Benthos plankton cameraMeasurements made using a Benthos plankton camera Found 80% of particulate matter in suspension as flocs larger than 100  m in sizeFound 80% of particulate matter in suspension as flocs larger than 100  m in size From Eisma, D., et al. (1991). Suspended-matter particle size in some West-European estuaries; Part I: Particle-size distribution. Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, 28(3):

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Gaussian PSD’s

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Log-Normal PSD’s

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Outline ObjectiveObjective Water ModelingWater Modeling Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids Test CasesTest Cases ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Hydrolight Analysis Now that some variations of suspended solids are known, Oops can generate various suspend solid IOP’sNow that some variations of suspended solids are known, Oops can generate various suspend solid IOP’s These IOP’s can operate as variables in Hydrolight to test the effect different suspended solids have on the water leaving radianceThese IOP’s can operate as variables in Hydrolight to test the effect different suspended solids have on the water leaving radiance Since the different IOP’s are of main interest, most Hydrolight inputs will be held constant between runsSince the different IOP’s are of main interest, most Hydrolight inputs will be held constant between runs

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral 1.44

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Concentration Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS CHL TSSCDOM CHL TSSCDOM QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Concentration Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS CHL TSSCDOM CHL TSSCDOM QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Concentration Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS CHL TSSCDOM CHL TSSCDOM QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Concentration Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS CHL TSSCDOM CHL TSSCDOM QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Process Summary Concentration Composition Refractive index Particle size distribution OOPS CHL TSSCDOM CHL TSSCDOM QuartzAlbiteKaoliniteCalcite Opal /1.658/Spectral Junge2 Gaussian7 Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Outline ObjectiveObjective Water ModelingWater Modeling Suspended SolidsSuspended Solids Test CasesTest Cases ResultsResults ConclusionConclusion

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Original Hydrolight IOP

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Effect of Composition and PSD

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Lake Ontario Cases

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Genesee River Plume Cases

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Conesus Lake Cases

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Long Pond Cases

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Different Minerals, Same PSD and Concentration

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Different PSD’s, Same Mineral and Concentration

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Different Concentrations, Same Mineral and PSD

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T NIR Region 170 observations of a Junge 105 observations of a Log-Normal

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Data Cube for Analysis 0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom JungesLog-Normals UFI measured Albite Calcite Calcite Calcite spec Kaolinite Opal Quartz

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Data Cube for Analysis 0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom Albite Calcite Calcite Calcite spec Kaolinite Opal Quartz JungesLog-Normals UFI measured

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Data Cube for Analysis 0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom Albite Calcite Calcite Calcite spec Kaolinite Opal Quartz JungesLog-Normals UFI measured

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Data Cube for Analysis 0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom Albite Calcite Calcite Calcite spec Kaolinite Opal Quartz JungesLog-Normals UFI measured

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Data Cube for Analysis 0chl, 10tss, 0cdom 0.7chl, 0.5tss, 0.5tss 4chl, 10tss, 2cdom 6chl, 10tss, 2cdom 62chl, 22tss, 6cdom Albite Calcite Calcite Calcite spec Kaolinite Opal Quartz JungesLog-Normals UFI measured

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Classification MaxD 20 band classmap K-means max 20 bands classmap 0, 10, 0 0.7, 0.5, 0.5 4, 10, 2 6, 10, 2 62, 22, 6 JL-NUFI JL-NUFI

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Concentration Discrimination ENVI N-D Visualizer Classified Pixels 0, 10, 0 0.7, 0.5, 0.5 4, 10, 2 6, 10, 2 62, 22, 6 JL-NUFI

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Some PSD and Mineral Discrimination ENVI N-D Visualizer Classified Pixels 0, 10, 0 0.7, 0.5, 0.5 4, 10, 2 6, 10, 2 62, 22, 6 JL-NUFI

Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Laboratory R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T R.I.TR.I.TR.I.TR.I.T Conclusions OOPS and Hydrolight model the water-leaving radiance from water bodies given physical and optical properties of constituentsOOPS and Hydrolight model the water-leaving radiance from water bodies given physical and optical properties of constituents A database of reflectance curves representative of some case 2 water bodies has been generatedA database of reflectance curves representative of some case 2 water bodies has been generated Initial results are following expectationsInitial results are following expectations –Mineral composition, PSD, and concentration all have an effect on the water surface reflectance –Situations exist for Log-Normal PSD’s between nm where there is 1-2% surface reflectance that will interfere with normal atmospheric correction attempts